scholarly journals Mental imagery in bipolar affective disorder versus unipolar depression: Investigating cognitions at times of ‘positive’ mood

2014 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Ivins ◽  
Martina Di Simplicio ◽  
Helen Close ◽  
Guy M. Goodwin ◽  
Emily Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Positive Mood

Ethnic differences in the presentation of bipolar affective disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kirov ◽  
R.M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Suicidal Ideas ◽  
White Patients

SummaryThere have been repeated reports that Afro-Caribbean people living in the UK are more prone than white people to be diagnosed as having schizophrenia and mania, along with some evidence that they are less likely to receive a diagnosis of depression. We attempted to replicate these findings in a population of patients on lithium prophylaxis. We therefore assessed the clinical characteristics of people under the age of 55 from three ethnic groups attending a lithium clinic in south London, those of (1) white British (n = 88); (2) Afro-Caribbean (n = 31); and, (3) African (n = 15) origin.Nineteen of the white patients met DSM-IV criteria for unipolar depression (UP) and eight met the criteria for bipolar II disorder (BP II); in contrast, only two black patients met the criteria for unipolar depression and none met the criteria for BP II. Among patients diagnosed as BP I, Africans were significantly more likely than whites to show exclusively or mainly manic presentations while Afro-Caribbeans were more likely to have had mood-incongruent delusions. On the other hand, white patients were significantly more likely than Afro-Caribbeans to have had suicidal ideas or actions, and showed a similar but not significant excess when compared with Africans.Our findings could reflect either genuine ethnic differences in the presentation of severe affective disorder or be produced by the failure of British doctors to detect depression and deliver appropriate treatment to their black patients. The frequency with which Afro-Caribbean patients with mania present mood-incongruent delusions probably contributes to the high rates of diagnosed schizophrenia in this population.

A comparative study of the phenomenological features of bipolar depression versus unipolar major depression in chinese patients in a regional hospital in hong kong

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
S.M.Q. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesTo determine the characteristics and time course of diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar depression in a retrospective cohort of psychiatric outpatients, and to compare the clinical and sociodemographic profiles of the bipolar switch group against a matched group without conversion.MethodThis is a retrospective case-control study in which outpatients newly diagnosed of unipolar depression from 1st January 1994 to 31st December 1999 were reviewed. Those with conversion to bipolar depression were identified and controls were matched.Multivariate conditional logistic regression was carried out to identify predictors of bipolar switch.Results88 patients out of 823 were identified with bipolar switch. The mean age at switch was 37.58 years old. The mean time interval from presentation to conversion was 58.13 months. Sodium valproate was most commonly used after switch. Bipolar switch was associated with male sex (OR 2.601, 95% CI 1.279 – 5.291, p = 0.008), an earlier age at presentation of depression of < 37 years old (OR 2.238, 95% CI 1.136 – 4.409, p = 0.020), family history of bipolar affective disorder (OR 5.684, 95% CI 1.149 – 28.124, p = 0.033) and use of 3 or above different antidepressants in the first five years after presentation (OR 2.105, 95% CI 1.082 – 4.098, p = 0.028).ConclusionThe incidence of bipolar switch found in this study was 10.7%. Family history of bipolar affective disorder and frequent switch of antidepressants in depressive patients presenting at a young age can be helpful guidance for identification of those at high risk for a bipolar course.

scholarly journals Recent findings in bipolar affective disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL BEBBINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Great Excess

Goodwin (2000) famously argued that bipolar disorder was the Cinderella of psychiatry. It certainly should not be: there is no doubt of the anguish caused by the condition, in particular the excess of natural mortality and the great excess of death by suicide (Ösby et al. 2001). In this issue, Mitchell et al. (2004) report that 26% of their cases of bipolar disorder had attempted suicide at some point. This reflects the sheer persistence of personal suffering: Judd and colleagues (2002, 2003) demonstrated in a long and detailed follow-up that patients with bipolar disorder were symptomatic at least half the time. The Australian National Survey of Psychotic Disorders found levels of disability in affective psychosis equal to those of schizophrenia (Jablensky et al. 2000), and bipolar cases are more likely to score highly on measures of disability than unipolar cases (Mitchell et al. 2004). People with bipolar disorder are more likely to be single, widowed or divorced than both the general populace and those with unipolar depression (Mitchell et al. 2004).

Cognitive impairment in remission in bipolar affective disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. RUBINSZTEIN ◽  
A. MICHAEL ◽  
E. S. PAYKEL ◽  
B. J. SAHAKIAN
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. Although the traditional view of bipolar affective disorder is that the majority of patients have full remission between episodes, recent evidence suggests that residual cognitive deficits are present. The aim of this study was to determine whether memory and executive deficits were present in a well-defined clinically remitted group of patients.Methods. This was a case–control study of bipolar patients in remission (N = 18). Subjects had to fulfil stringent clinical criteria for inclusion into the study and had to have been in remission for at least 4 months. Subjects also had no history of substance dependence. The cognitive battery examined memory and executive function.Results. Patients in excellent clinical remission and who reported good social adaptation showed impairment on tests of visuospatial recognition memory. Accuracy on four tests of executive function was not impaired in patients in remission compared with controls, although response latency on these executive tests was still impaired.Conclusions. As our group and others have shown, patients with mania and unipolar depression show generalized impairment on tests of memory and executive function. In comparison, this study has demonstrated that patients in remission show a relatively specific impairment in memory with recovery of accuracy measures on executive function task. The increased response latency on the executive tasks suggests a possible small residual impairment. These findings suggest that in neuroanatomical terms, more posterior cortical function (temporal lobe) has not improved but there is at least some recovery of frontal lobe function in remission.

Resistant Bipolar Affective Disorder Treated by Stereotactic Subcaudate Tractotomy

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Poynton ◽  
P. K. Bridges ◽  
J. R. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episodes

The results of stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy in nine patients with resistant bipolar affective disorder are presented in the form of a single case study with a summary of the other eight cases. Follow-up studies at 2–4 years showed substantial improvement in five patients and amelioration of symptoms in a further four patients, with a tendency for a greater improvement in the manic than in the depressive episodes. These preliminary results suggest that there is a place for this operation in the management of severe bipolar affective disorders which are not responding to any other treatment, although decisive recovery occurs less often than with unipolar depression.

Mortality in Patients with Primary Unipolar Depression, Secondary Unipolar Depression, and Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Comparison with General Population Mortality

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Black ◽  
George Winokur ◽  
Amelia Nasrallah
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Initial Portion ◽  
Tertiary Care Facility

Mortality data are presented from a two to fourteen year follow-up of 705 primary unipolar depressives, 302 secondary unipolar depressives, and 586 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) hospitalized at a tertiary care facility. Death ascertainment was made through a record-linkage process. Using sex- and age-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), the mortality experience of the study population was compared with that of Iowa, the geographical area served by the admitting medical facility for this study group. Results show that risk for all-cause mortality was most pronounced during the first two years following hospital discharge, although secondary unipolar depressives continued to show a significant excess of deaths throughout the entire follow-up period. Deaths occurring from natural causes were significantly excessive only during the initial portion of the follow-up. Deaths from unnatural causes were significantly excessive throughout follow-up except for patients with bipolar affective disorder.

scholarly journals Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder and unipolar depression: imagining suicide

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (7‐8) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie A Hales ◽  
Catherine Deeprose ◽  
Guy M Goodwin ◽  
Emily A Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression

scholarly journals The Heritability of Bipolar Affective Disorder and the Genetic Relationship to Unipolar Depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McGuffin ◽  
Fruhling Rijsdijk ◽  
Martin Andrew ◽  
Pak Sham ◽  
Randy Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Depression

Neurodevelopmental antecedents of early-onset bipolar affective disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engilbert Sigurdsson ◽  
Eric Fombonne ◽  
Kapil Sayal ◽  
Stuart Checkley
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Manic Episode ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Psychotic Features

BackgroundDevelopmental impairments have been identified as a risk factor for early-onset schizophrenia. Affective symptoms are more common in children and adolescents with disordered neurodevelopment than in healthy controls.AimsTo test the hypothesis that severe early-onset mood disorders are associated with developmental antecedents.MethodWe retrospectively identified 38 adolescent cases (15 female, 23 male; mean age 14.4 years, range 11–18) who met ICD–10 Research Diagnostic Criteria for a manic episode, bipolar affective disorder or psychotic depression, and 41 controls (25 female, 16 male, mean age 14.2 years, range 11–18) with depression but without psychotic features.ResultsCases were significantly more likely to have experienced delayed language, social or motor development (OR 5.5, 95% CI=1.4–21.6, P=0.01). in particular those who develop psychotic symptoms (OR 7.2, 95% CI=1.8–28.6, P=0.003).ConclusionsCompared to early-onset unipolar depression, neurodevelopmental antecedents are over-represented in early-onset bipolar disorder. The validity of this finding was supported by contemporaneous IQ scores that are not subject to the same potential biases as case-note ratings.

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