Suicide by gases in England and Wales 2001–2011: Evidence of the emergence of new methods of suicide

2015 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gunnell ◽  
C. Coope ◽  
V. Fearn ◽  
C. Wells ◽  
S.-S. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
England And Wales ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Perceptions of a Peer Suicide Prevention Program by Inmates and Professionals Working in Prisons

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Auzoult ◽  
Sid Abdellaoui
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Penal Institutions ◽  
Peer Suicide ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Background: Suicide prevention is a major challenge for penal institutions in many countries. The traditional approach relies on the expertise of health professionals and is supplemented by the intervention of other professionals and the inmates themselves. New methods of suicide prevention based on peer support have been developed in recent years. Peer prevention programs rely on the ability of inmates to identify suicide risk. Aims: This study examines perceived suicide risk among inmates and explores possible explanations. Method: 54 inmates and 17 professionals working in prisons responded to a questionnaire. Results: The peer prevention program was found to change inmates’ expectations of support in the event of a suicide crisis. The study also found that the inmates involved in the program tended to underestimate the risk of suicide. The perception of the prevention program and the level of self-consciousness were found to account for the underestimation of suicide risk. Conclusions: Support for inmates involved in suicide prevention programs must take into account their isolation in prison. The training provided to inmates must also consider the biases affecting the assessment of risk.

Habitats of Limnaea truncatula in England and Wales during Dry Seasons

1938 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fluke ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Methods Of Control ◽  
The Ideal

1. The complacent attitude that fluke is no longer a disease of importance is attacked on the grounds that the recent low incidence of the disease is largely due to a temporary scarcity of the intermediary, Limnaea truncatnla.2. A description is given of methods of making contacts, taking samples, and recording observations in a survey of typical habitats of L. truncatula in England and Wales.3. Twenty-two such habitats are described in some detail.4. These form the basis of a brief discussion on factors contributing to the ideal habitat, knowledge of which is desirable for the elaboration of new methods of control.5. A provisional map showing the distribution of liver fluke in England and Wales is appended.

Methods used for suicide by farmers in England and Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Joan Fagg ◽  
Sue Simkin ◽  
Louise Harriss ◽  
Aslög Malmberg
Keyword(s):  
Easy Access ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Considerable Excess ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Methods Of Suicide ◽  
Commit Suicide

BackgroundFarmers in the UK have an elevated risk of suicide. It has been suggested that this may be related to their ease of access to dangerous means for suicidal behaviour. The extent to which farmers use these means and changes in their use may be relevant to suicide prevention.MethodData on 719 deaths in farmers of both genders in England and Wales between 1981 and 1993 in which a verdict of suicide or undetermined cause (open verdict) was recorded were analysed.ResultsOf 702 deaths in male farmers, farms were involved in 40.0%, hanging in 29.6%, carbon monoxide in 16.4%, poisoning in 8.0% (over half of which involved agricultural or horticultural poisons) and other methods in 6.1%. There was a considerable excess of deaths due to firearms compared with the distribution of methods of suicide and open verdict deaths in males in the general population. Hanging was also somewhat more frequent. During the study period there was a reduction in firearm death rates, particularly after 1989 when there was national legislation on firearm ownership, registration and storage. There were also fewer farming suicides after this date. By the end of the study period hanging was more frequent than deaths involving firearms.ConclusionsFarmers who commit suicide tend to use methods to which they have easy access. Restriction of the ready availability of such methods, particularly in farmers known to be depressed or otherwise at risk, might prevent some suicides.

scholarly journals Changes in suicide in England and Wales, 1960–1997

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. G. McClure
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

BackgroundMethods of suicide and suicide rates in England and Wales have fluctuated considerably since the 1960s.AimsTo review the changes that have occurred in suicide rates in England and Wales between 1960 and 1997.MethodSuicide rates, derived from total annual suicides and the estimated annual resident population, were obtained from the Office for National Statistics.ResultsSuicide rates decreased in both genders between the early 1960s and the mid-1970s. The rate for males then increased between 1975 and 1990, while the rate for females continued to fall. Between 1990 and 1997, the rate decreased for males and females in all age groups, particularly for those using motor vehicle exhaust gas; the latter finding is associated with increasing use of catalytic converters.ConclusionsFollowing the increase in suicide among males until 1990 there was a decrease for both genders between 1990 and 1997, consistent with the ‘Health of the Nation’ target.

Old Money, New Methods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Monetary Economy ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between numismatics and archaeology in the later medieval period. It begins by tracing the beginning of the serious study of medieval coins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the estranged relationship between the disciplines of archaeology and numismatics into the modern period. It demonstrates the vital role that coin hoards have played in the study of the monetary economy of medieval England and Wales and the growth of numismatics as a discipline. However, the emergence of single find evidence (principally metal-detector finds recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme) provides us with a new dataset that has the potential to rewrite what we can say about monetization, especially in rural contexts. Imported coins and those used as jewellery or as votive objects are discussed.

Technological and Economic Changes in the Metalliferous Mining and Smelting Industries of Tudor England

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
James W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Organization ◽  
National Product ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Metalliferous Mining ◽  
Mining And Smelting

The Age of the Tudors has been viewed both as an age of transition, and as an age of enterprise and innovation. Although such views more often than not have been limited to political and economic matters, they can be extended equally well to technology and industrial organization. The mining and smelting industries of England and Wales, which for centuries had contributed notably to the national product, during the Tudor Age underwent a number of technological and economic adjustments, some of permanent significance.The purpose of this paper is to examine, in the light of contemporary and near-contemporary evidence, some of the more important changes that took place in the metalliferous mining and smelting industries of Tudor England The emphasis will be largely on technological changes, but as these gave rise to new and ever-increasing demands for industrial financing, it will be necessary also to examine certain of the concomitant economic changes that ocurred in these industries. Whether the economic changes were the outcome of technological changes, or vice versa, is not always clear. Certain technological changes emphasized the need for new methods of financing and organizing a particular mining or smelting industry, while, in turn, the reorganization of an industry tended to provide the conditions and the incentive for further technological modifications.There were three mininar and smelting industries of importance at ihe beginning of the Tudor period — tin, lead and iron. By the end of the period, copper and calamine1 had acquired prominence, while renewed interest in gold and silver prospecting had resulted in the precious minerals assuming a fairly important, if erratic, role in this sector of the economy.

Replication of Wet Objects and Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
S. Basu ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Intermediate Chamber

We are approaching the invasiveness of cancer cells from the studies of their wet surface morphology which should distinguish them from their normal counterparts. In this report attempts have been made to provide physical basis and background work to a wet replication method with a differentially pumped hydration chamber (Fig. 1) (1,2), to apply this knowledge for obtaining replica of some specimens of known features (e.g. polystyrene latex) and finally to realize more specific problems and to improvize new methods and instrumentation for their rectification. In principle, the evaporant molecules penetrate through a pair of apertures (250, 350μ), through water vapors and is, then, deposited on the specimen. An intermediate chamber between the apertures is pumped independently of the high vacuum system. The size of the apertures is sufficiently small so that full saturated water vapor pressure is maintained near the specimen.

A Freeze Shadow Technique for the Preparation of Soft Paint Latexes for Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Earl R. Walter ◽  
Glen H. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Distribution Studies ◽  
Preparation Techniques

With the development of soft, film forming latexes for use in paints and other coatings applications, it became desirable to develop new methods of sample preparation for latex particle size distribution studies with the electron microscope. Conventional latex sample preparation techniques were inadequate due to the pronounced tendency of these new soft latex particles to distort, flatten and fuse on the substrate when they dried. In order to avoid these complications and obtain electron micrographs of undistorted latex particles of soft resins, a freeze-dry, cold shadowing technique was developed. The method has now been used in our laboratory on a routine basis for several years.The cold shadowing is done in a specially constructed vacuum system, having a conventional mechanical fore pump and oil diffusion pump supplying vacuum. The system incorporates bellows type high vacuum valves to permit a prepump cycle and opening of the shadowing chamber without shutting down the oil diffusion pump. A baffeled sorption trap isolates the shadowing chamber from the pumps.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document