First- and Second-Trimester WIC Participation Is Associated with Lower Rates of Breastfeeding and Early Introduction of Cow's Milk during Infancy

Using strict criteria, the incidence of cow's milk sensitivity is probably 1% to 2% during the first 2 years of life. Although there is a wide spectrum of sensitivity symptoms caused by cow's milk, two major groups of infants are discernible. One group consists of infants who react to small amounts of cow's milk within a few minutes up to one hour, usually with gastrointestinal symptoms or urticaria. These infants are often atopic and have positive findings on skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) reactions to cow's milk allergens. The other group consists of children whose reaction to cow's milk occurs one hour or longer after intake of cow's milk or cow's milk-based formula. These reactions are usually not immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated and different immune and nonimmune mechanisms probably cause the symptoms. The risk of developing cow's milk sensitivity seems to be influenced by the atopic constitution of the infant and the age at which cow's milk is introduced. Early exposure to cow's milk increases the risk, not only of adverse reactions to this milk but also of developing allergies to other foods. It is suggested that early introduction of cow's milk may enhance the risk of future respiratory allergies. Allergists are still not in agreement as to whether the weaning process should be rapid or should consist of a gradual change from breast milk to cow's milk in order to minimize the risk of cow's milk allergy.

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PNS37 Economic Analysis for Early Introduction of Amino Acid Formula for Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in the GCC Countries

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.1481 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. S650

Author(s):

M. Miqdady ◽

C. Tzivinikos ◽

A. Siddiqui ◽

S. Al Mutairy ◽

N. Al-Ahmedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Gcc Countries ◽

Cow’S Milk Protein ◽

Amino Acid Formula

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Environmental risk factors in prediction of childhood prediabetes

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44010009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Erika Skrodenienė ◽

Dalia Marčiulionytė ◽

Žilvinas Padaiga ◽

Edita Jašinskienė ◽

Vaiva Sadauskaitė-Kuehne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Response Rate ◽

Family Members ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Immunofluorescence Method ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Islet Cell Autoantibodies

Objective. The damage of beta cells occurs during the asymptomatic prodromal period called prediabetes before onset of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by the presence of islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs). The aim of this study was to find out what environmental factors predict ICA seroconversion in healthy schoolchildren in Lithuania. Material and methods. Sera from 3053 nondiabetic schoolchildren living in Lithuania were investigated for ICAs. ICAs were measured in undiluted sera by indirect immunofluorescence method. All ICA-positive and randomly selected ICA-negative children were invited to participate in the study. Response rate in the families of ICA-positive children was 100% and in ICA-negative – 76.5%. Data from 13 ICA-positive and 199 ICA-negative schoolchildren were included in the analysis. Information on the environmental factors was collected via questionnaires. Results. Proportions of breastfed children were similar in ICA-positive and ICA-negative schoolchildren. Full cow’s milk was introduced at one month of age or earlier more often in ICApositive than ICA-negative schoolchildren (8.3% and 1.1%, respectively; P=0.05). Cereal before 3 months of age was introduced more often in ICA-positive than ICA-negative schoolchildren (7.7% and 0.5%, respectively; P=0.01). The mothers of cases took medicine during pregnancy more often than mothers of controls did (61.5% and 14.1%, respectively; P<0.001). More than half (53.8%) of ICA-positive children lived in homes where family members were smoking indoors, while this was recorded only for 26.6% of controls (P=0.04). Conclusions. Early introduction of cow’s milk and cereal, the intake of medicine during pregnancy, and indoor smoking of family members are risk factors that predict the development of prediabetes among Lithuanian children.

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Optimal feeding practices in Tamilnadu, breast feeding and complementary feeding: the reality

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20200098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Rathisharmila R. ◽

Uvaraj P. ◽

Saraswathi N. ◽

Ilamaran V.

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Median Duration ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Early Termination ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Cow's Milk

Background: Optimal feeding of infants under two years of age has the greatest potential impact on child survival of all preventive interventions. This study was done to evaluate feeding practices of infants in first two years of life.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 161 mothers with infants 6 mo to 24 mo of age, attending the well-baby clinic of this hospital were selected for study from April 2014 to March 2015 and interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 mo was 44% with a median duration of 4.9±1.8 mo. The proportion of infants who received continued breast feeding at 1 year of age (12-15 mo) was 67%. The median duration of any breast feeding was 13.6 mo by survival analysis. Early introduction of cow’s milk and bottle feeding were associated with nonexclusive breast feeding under 6 mo and early termination of breast feeding.Conclusions: While rate of exclusive breast feeding was comparable to the state average (48%), there was a higher rate of introduction of cow’s milk and bottle feeding which contributed to early termination of breastfeeding before one year of age. This study emphasis the fact that bottle feeding and inappropriate complementary feeding should be tackled to improve IYCF indicators in Tamilnadu.

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Early introduction of cow’s milk and prevention of milk allergy

Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.3388/jspaci.32.36 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

Daisuke Hayashi

Keyword(s):

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Cow's Milk

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Introduction of Complementary Foods and Inadequate Dietary Habits in Infants Under 12 Months of Age in Three Regions of Brazil

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 512-512

Author(s):

Vanessa Campos ◽

Andrea Anater ◽

Joel Hampton ◽

Alison Eldridge

Keyword(s):

Dietary Habits ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Complementary Foods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

One Year

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the dietary patterns of Brazilian infants from birth to 12 mo of age and to assess their adherence to feeding guidelines. Methods A cross-sectional random sample of infants aged 0–11.9 mo (n = 216) was identified in three census regions of Brazil (Northeast, Southeast, and South). In-person interviewers asked caregivers about breastfeeding practices and duration and timing of introduction of solid foods. Prevalence was estimated for specific age groups. Results were weighted to be representative of the infant population in Brazil. Results Almost 80% of the infants below 6 mo of age were ever breastfed. The percentage of infants that were currently breastfeeding decreased from birth through the age of 12 mo. Breastfeeding rates (i.e., currently breastfeeding) were 76.9% for infants 0–2.9 mo, 70.4% for those 3–5.9 mo and 50.5% for infants 6–11.9 mo. Early introduction of complementary foods was identified. Cow's milk was consumed by 12.4% of infants consumed cow's milk at 4–5.9 mo, and 51.6% were receiving cow's milk at 6–11.9 mo. Approximately 25% of 4–5.9 mo olds were consuming juice, and by 6–11.9 mo, 79.2% were consuming juice. On the other hand, 47.5% of 6–11.9 mo olds were consuming iron-fortified infant cereal and 70.8% were consuming meat. Conclusions We identified some feeding practices during early infancy among Brazilian infants that do not meet governmental recommendations. These include early introduction of cow's milk and consumption of fruit juices before one year of age. Funding Sources Supported by Nestle Research, Lausanne Switzerland.

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