O1-05-04: Pain and depression in normal cognitive aging and mild cognitive impairment

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S79-S79
Author(s):  
Tina M. Kruger ◽  
Erin Abner ◽  
Frederick A. Schmitt ◽  
Gregory A. Jicha
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging

scholarly journals EEG Measures of Value-Directed Strategic Processing in Older Adults With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Lydia Nguyen ◽  
Shraddha Shende ◽  
Daniel Llano ◽  
Raksha Mudar
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Strategic Processing ◽  
Unique Word

Abstract Value-directed strategic processing is important for daily functioning. It allows selective processing of important information and inhibition of irrelevant information. This ability is relatively preserved in normal cognitive aging, but it is unclear if mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects strategic processing and its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The current study examined behavioral and EEG spectral power differences between 16 cognitively normal older adults (CNOA; mean age: 74.5 ± 4.0 years) and 16 individuals with MCI (mean age: 77.1 ± 4.3 years) linked to a value-directed strategic processing task. The task used five unique word lists where words were assigned high- or low-value based on letter case and were presented sequentially while EEG was recorded. Participants were instructed to recall as many words as possible after each list to maximize their score. Results revealed no group differences in recall of low-value words, but individuals with MCI recalled significantly fewer high-value words and total number of words relative to CNOA. Group differences were observed in theta and alpha bands for low-value words, with greater synchronized theta power for CNOA than MCI and greater desynchronized alpha power for MCI than CNOA. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that more effortful neural processing of low-value words in the MCI group, relative to the CNOA group, allowed them to match their behavioral performance to the CNOA group. Individuals with MCI appear to utilize more cognitive resources to inhibit low-value information and might show memory-related benefits if taught strategies to focus on high-value information processing.

scholarly journals Neurocognitive predictors of financial capacity across the dementia spectrum: Normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEGAN G. SHEROD ◽  
H. RANDALL GRIFFITH ◽  
JACQUELYNN COPELAND ◽  
KATHERINE BELUE ◽  
SARA KRZYWANSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Financial Capacity

AbstractFinancial capacity is a complex instrumental activity of daily living critical to independent functioning of older adults and sensitive to impairment in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, little is known about the neurocognitive basis of financial impairment in dementia. We developed cognitive models of financial capacity in cognitively healthy older adults (n = 85) and patients with MCI (n = 113) and mild AD (n = 43). All participants were administered the Financial Capacity Instrument (FCI) and a neuropsychological test battery. Univariate correlation and multiple regression procedures were used to develop cognitive models of overall FCI performance across groups. The control model (R2 = .38) comprised (in order of entry) written arithmetic skills, delayed story recall, and simple visuomotor sequencing. The MCI model (R2 = .69) comprised written arithmetic skills, visuomotor sequencing and set alternation, and race. The AD model (R2 = .65) comprised written arithmetic skills, simple visuomotor sequencing, and immediate story recall. Written arithmetic skills (WRAT-3 Arithmetic) was the primary predictor across models, accounting for 27% (control model), 46% (AD model), and 55% (MCI model) of variance. Executive function and verbal memory were secondary model predictors. The results offer insight into the cognitive basis of financial capacity across the dementia spectrum of cognitive aging, MCI, and AD. (JINS, 2009, 15, 258–267.)

What explains variations in the clinical use of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a diagnostic category?

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Julian C. Hughes ◽  
Thomas Kirkwood ◽  
Carl May ◽  
Ian McKeith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Clinical Culture ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Dementia Research

ABSTRACTBackground: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is proposed to describe the transitional stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia. It has had significant impact in the field of dementia research, but it remains controversial whether or not it should be used as a diagnostic category in clinical practice.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with international experts (N = 37) in the field of dementia research and practice. These interviews explored the advantages and difficulties of using MCI as a clinical diagnosis.Results: There is wide variation in the clinical use of MCI. This variation depends on institutional factors and two types of cultural factors: (a) clinical culture, and (b) the “evidential culture” – how research and guidelines figure in clinical practice.Conclusion: The study shows the importance of combining values-based practice with evidence-based practice in the early diagnosis of dementia.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Normal Cognitive Aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas E. Geda ◽  
Rosebud O. Roberts ◽  
David S. Knopman ◽  
Ronald C. Petersen ◽  
Teresa J. H. Christianson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms

scholarly journals Evaluating Daily Versus Global Stress Appraisals’ Sensitivity to Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Eric Cerino ◽  
Stacey Scott ◽  
Ruixue Zhaoyang ◽  
Richard Lipton ◽  
Martin Sliwinski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Global Stress ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
Everyday Stress

Abstract Stress is an important correlate of cognitive aging that manifests in everyday life. Infrequent trait-based stress measures may not be as sensitive to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as ecological momentary assessments (EMA). We compared EMA to global trait-based stress measures in discriminating MCI. A sample of 248 adults from the Einstein Aging Study (Mage=77.33 years, SD=5.04; 68 with MCI) were prompted to report whether a stressor occurred and to rate the severity up to four times daily for 14 days. Global perceived stress and neuroticism were assessed at baseline. Although MCI status was unrelated to stressor frequency (p>.05), individuals with MCI appraised their daily stressors as more severe than cognitively intact participants (p=.03). No MCI-related differences emerged on global stress or neuroticism assessments (ps>.05). Results suggest everyday stress markers may be more sensitive to differentiating MCI than global assessments and point toward their utility for early identification of pathological declines.

scholarly journals Mild cognitive impairment: animal models

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Rats And Mice

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an aspect of cognitive aging that is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and the dementia into which it may convert. Appropriate animal models are necessary in order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of MCI and develop drugs for its treatment. In this review, we identify the features that should characterize an animal model of MCI, namely old age, subtle memory impairment, mild neuropathological changes, and changes in the cholinergic system, and the age at which these features can be detected in laboratory animals. These features should occur in aging animals with normal motor activity and feeding behavior. The animal models may be middle-aged rats and mice, rats with brain ischemia, transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (tested at an early stage), or aging monkeys. Memory deficits can be detected by selecting appropriately difficult behavioral tasks, and the deficits can be associated with neuropathological alterations. The reviewed literature demonstrates that, under certain conditions, these animal species can be considered to be MCI models, and that cognitive impairment in these models responds to drug treatment.

FEATURES OF THE CONFLICT ADAPTATION EFFECT IN MILD COGNITIVE DECLINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 996-1001
Author(s):  
Б. Б. Величковский ◽  
Д. В. Татаринов ◽  
А. А. Хлебникова ◽  
А. В. Зиберова ◽  
И. Ф. Рощина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Conflict Adaptation ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Drift Diffusion

Эффект адаптации к конфликту в задачах на подавление интерференции (таких как задача Струпа или фланговая задача) заключается в улучшении подавления иррелевантных стимулов после их подавления в предыдущей пробе. На материале фланговой задачи показывается, что когнитивное физиологическое старение сопровождается нулевым эффектом адаптации к конфликту, а мягкое когнитивное снижение - обратным (то есть отрицательным) эффектом адаптации к конфликту. Проведенный анализ времени реакции с помощью диффузионной модели ( drift diffusion model ) показал, что изменения в эффекте адаптации к конфликту у пациентов с мягким когнитивным снижением связаны с отсутствием у них адаптивного ускорения скорости переработки стимулов при наличии дистракторов. Этот результат может свидетельствовать о ригидности системы контроля перцептивных процессов, позволяющих осуществлять стратегическое перераспределение внимания в пожилом возрасте и при патологическом старении. Делается вывод о возможной роли обратного (отрицательного) эффекта адаптации к конфликту как раннего индикатора патологической когнитивной дисфункции. Conflict adaptation effect in interference control tasks (like Stroop task or flanker task) consists in better interference suppression in incongruent trials following an incongruent trial. In a flanker task is shown that in normal cognitive aging there is a null conflict adaptation effect and that in mild cognitive impairment there is a reversed (negative) conflict adaptation effect. Using the drift diffusion model of reaction time, it is shown that the change in conflict adaptation effect in mild cognitive impairment is associated with the absence of adaptive increase in processing speed in the presence of distractors. This can be interpreted as the rigidity of perceptual control mechanisms, which are responsible for strategic distribution of attention in older age and in pathological aging, in particular. The conclusion is drawn that reversed conflict adaptation effect may be an early marker of pathological cognitive aging.

scholarly journals High daytime and nighttime ambulatory pulse pressure predict poor cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment in hypertensive individuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Riba-Llena ◽  
Cristina Nafría ◽  
Josefina Filomena ◽  
José L Tovar ◽  
Ernest Vinyoles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Cognitive Status

High blood pressure accelerates normal aging stiffness process. Arterial stiffness (AS) has been previously associated with impaired cognitive function and dementia. Our aims are to study how cognitive function and status (mild cognitive impairment, MCI and normal cognitive aging, NCA) relate to AS in a community-based population of hypertensive participants assessed with office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements. Six hundred ninety-nine participants were studied, 71 had MCI and the rest had NCA. Office pulse pressure (PP), carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity, and 24-hour ambulatory PP monitoring were collected. Also, participants underwent a brain magnetic resonance to study cerebral small–vessel disease (cSVD) lesions. Multivariate analysis–related cognitive function and cognitive status to AS measurements after adjusting for demographic, vascular risk factors, and cSVD. Carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity and PP at different periods were inversely correlated with several cognitive domains, but only awake PP measurements were associated with attention after correcting for confounders (beta = −0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.41, −0.03). All ambulatory PP measurements were related to MCI, which was independently associated with nocturnal PP (odds ratio (OR) = 2.552, 95% CI 1.137, 5.728) and also related to the presence of deep white matter hyperintensities (OR = 1.903, 1.096, 3.306). Therefore, higher day and night ambulatory PP measurements are associated with poor cognitive outcomes.

Diagnostic transitions in mild cognitive impairment subtypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestes Vicente Forlenza ◽  
Breno Satler Diniz ◽  
Paula Villela Nunes ◽  
Claudia Maia Memória ◽  
Monica Sanches Yassuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Multiple Domain

ABSTRACTBackground: At least for a subset of patients, the clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent an intermediate stage between normal aging and dementia. Nevertheless, the patterns of transition of cognitive states between normal cognitive aging and MCI to dementia are not well established. In this study we address the pattern of transitions between cognitive states in patients with MCI and healthy controls, prior to the conversion to dementia.Methods: 139 subjects (78% women, mean age, 68.5 ± 6.1 years; mean educational level, 11.7 ± 5.4 years) were consecutively assessed in a memory clinic with a standardized clinical and neuropsychological protocol, and classified as cognitively healthy (normal controls) or with MCI (including subtypes) at baseline. These subjects underwent annual reassessments (mean duration of follow-up: 2.7 ± 1.1 years), in which cognitive state was ascertained independently of prior diagnoses. The pattern of transitions of the cognitive state was determined by Markov chain analysis.Results: The transitions from one cognitive state to another varied substantially between MCI subtypes. Single-domain MCI (amnestic and non-amnestic) more frequently returned to normal cognitive state upon follow-up (22.5% and 21%, respectively). Among subjects who progressed to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common diagnosis immediately prior conversion was multiple-domain MCI (85%).Conclusion: The clinical diagnosis of MCI and its subtypes yields groups of patients with heterogeneous patterns of transitions between one given cognitive state to another. The presence of more severe and widespread cognitive deficits, as indicated by the group of multiple-domain amnestic MCI may be a better predictor of AD than single-domain amnestic or non-amnestic deficits. These higher-risk individuals could probably be the best candidates for the development of preventive strategies and early treatment for the disease.

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