Evaluation of Murine Host Sex As a Biological Variable in Transplanted Human Intestinal Organoids (tHIOs)

AbstractSmall intestinal organoids, or enteroids, represent a valuable model to study host–pathogen interactions at the intestinal epithelial surface. Much research has been done on murine and human enteroids, however only a handful studies evaluated the development of enteroids in other species. Porcine enteroid cultures have been described, but little is known about their functional responses to specific pathogens or their associated virulence factors. Here, we report that porcine enteroids respond in a similar manner as in vivo gut tissues to enterotoxins derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, an enteric pathogen causing postweaning diarrhoea in piglets. Upon enterotoxin stimulation, these enteroids not only display a dysregulated electrolyte and water balance as shown by their swelling, but also secrete inflammation markers. Porcine enteroids grown as a 2D-monolayer supported the adhesion of an F4+ ETEC strain. Hence, these enteroids closely mimic in vivo intestinal epithelial responses to gut pathogens and are a promising model to study host–pathogen interactions in the pig gut. Insights obtained with this model might accelerate the design of veterinary therapeutics aimed at improving gut health.

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P029 First report: Kaftrio® vs. Symkevi® in intestinal organoids

Journal of Cystic Fibrosis ◽

10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01056-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. S47

Author(s):

E. Furstova ◽

T. Dousova ◽

J. Beranek ◽

M. Libik ◽

L. Fila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Report ◽

Intestinal Organoids

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Sex differences in type and occurrence of adverse reactions to opioid analgesics: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e044157

Author(s):

Guilherme S Lopes ◽

Suzette Bielinski ◽

Ann M Moyer ◽

Debra J Jacobson ◽

Liwei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Opioid Prescription ◽

Biological Variable ◽

The Right

ObjectivesSex as a biological variable affects response to opioids. However, few reports describe the prevalence of specific adverse reactions to commonly prescribed opioids in men and women separately. A large cohort was used to investigate sex differences in type and occurrence of adverse reactions associated with use of codeine, tramadol, oxycodone and hydrocodone.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingParticipants in the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time (RIGHT) Study.ParticipantsThe medical records of 8457 participants in the RIGHT Study who received an opioid prescription between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2017 were reviewed 61% women, 94% white, median age (Q1–Q3)=58 (47–66).Primary and secondary outcome measuresAdverse reactions including gastrointestinal, skin, psychiatric and nervous system issues were collected from the allergy section of each patient’s medical record. Sex differences in the risk of adverse reactions due to prescribed opioids were modelled using logistic regression adjusted for age, body mass index, race and ethnicity.ResultsFrom 8457 participants (of which 449 (5.3%) reported adverse reactions), more women (6.5%) than men (3.4%) reported adverse reactions to at least one opioid (OR (95% CI)=2.3 (1.8 to 2.8), p<0.001). Women were more likely to report adverse reactions to tramadol (OR (95% CI)=2.8 (1.8 to 4.4), p<0.001) and oxycodone (OR (95% CI)=2.2 (1.7 to 2.9), p<0.001). Women were more likely to report gastrointestinal (OR (95% CI)=3.1 (2.3 to 4.3), p<0.001), skin (OR (95% CI)=2.1 (1.4 to 3.3), p=0.001) and nervous system issues (OR (95% CI)=2.3 (1.3 to 4.2), p=0.004).ConclusionsThese findings support the importance of sex as a biological variable to be factored into pain management studies.

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