High temperatures constrain microhabitat selection and activity patterns of the insular Cape Verde wall gecko

AbstractTadpoles of the Mallorcan midwife toad (Alytes muletensis) displayed a clear diel pattern of activity and microhabitat selection in torrent pools in Mallorca. Tadpoles spent much of the day foraging in a non-aggregated fashion in warm shallow areas, and activity peaked at 1700-1900 hr. In mid-afternoon, however, when much of the water surface was in direct sunlight, tadpoles moved away from the shallows and formed aggregations under rock overhangs at the sides of the pool. Both activity and tadpole density in the shallows dropped dramatically after dark, when there was a movement of the population back into deeper water or hiding places.

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Effect of substrate temperature on behavioural plasticity in antlion larvae

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/1568539x-00003322 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 153 (1) ◽

pp. 31-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vesna Klokočovnik ◽

Gregor Hauptman ◽

Dušan Devetak

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Behavioural Plasticity ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Behavioural Patterns ◽

Daily Activity Patterns ◽

Antlion Larvae ◽

Local Habitat

Temperature is of crucial importance, affecting all aspects of insect life such as survival, development and daily activity patterns, and consequently behaviour. In the present study we evaluated the effect of temperature on the behavioural plasticity of antlion larvae, the sit-and-wait predators, which are considerably more dependent on local habitat conditions. We provided ethological descriptions of pit construction and feeding behaviour. An increase in temperature led to greater activity and consequently to greater frequency of sand tossing during pit construction. Larvae constructed bigger pits at higher temperatures, but required less time than at lower temperatures, when the resulting pits were the smallest. At low temperature, larvae required more time for feeding, and behaviour followed a core pattern with little variety, in comparison to behaviour at high temperatures. Two behavioural patterns occurred only at the highest temperature: ‘relocation’ and ‘submergence’, presumably in response to high temperatures.

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The African hind's (Cephalopholis taeniops, serranidae) use of artificial reefs off sal island (Cape Verde): a preliminary study based on acoustic telemetry

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-87592011000500009 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (spe1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pedro G. Lino ◽

Luís Bentes ◽

Miguel Tiago Oliveira ◽

Karim Erzini ◽

Miguel Neves Santos

Keyword(s):

Site Fidelity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Artificial Reef ◽

Cape Verde ◽

Short Term ◽

Scuba Divers ◽

Natural Reef ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Demersal Species

The African hind Cephalopholis taeniops (Valenciennes, 1828) is one of the most important commercial demersal species caught in the Cape Verde archipelago. The species is closely associated with hard substrate and is one of the main attractions for SCUBA divers. In January 2006 a former Soviet fishing vessel - the Kwarcit - was sunk off Santa Maria Bay (Sal Island). Young C. taeniops are commonly observed in this artificial reef (AR). In order to investigate the species' use of the AR, 4 specimens were captured and surgically implanted underwater with Vemco brand acoustic transmitters. The fish were monitored daily with an active telemetry receiver for one week after release. Simultaneously, an array of 3 passive VR2 / VR2W receivers was set for 63 days, registering data that allowed an analysis of spatial, daily and short term temporal activity patterns. The results showed site fidelity to the AR, with no migrations to the nearby natural reef. The method used allowed to register a consistent higher activity during daytime and a preference for the area opposite the dominant current.

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In situ REM imaging of surface processes on ceramic bulk crystals from 300 to 1670 K in a conventional TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087616 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 660-661

Author(s):

Z. L. Wang ◽

J. Bentley

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Atomic Processes ◽

Crystal Surfaces ◽

Beam Radiation ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽

Gas Reactions

Studying the behavior of surfaces at high temperatures is of great importance for understanding the properties of ceramics and associated surface-gas reactions. Atomic processes occurring on bulk crystal surfaces at high temperatures can be recorded by reflection electron microscopy (REM) in a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) with relatively high resolution, because REM is especially sensitive to atomic-height steps.Improved REM image resolution with a FEG: Cleaved surfaces of a-alumina (012) exhibit atomic flatness with steps of height about 5 Å, determined by reference to a screw (or near screw) dislocation with a presumed Burgers vector of b = (1/3)<012> (see Fig. 1). Steps of heights less than about 0.8 Å can be clearly resolved only with a field emission gun (FEG) (Fig. 2). The small steps are formed by the surface oscillating between the closely packed O and Al stacking layers. The bands of dark contrast (Fig. 2b) are the result of beam radiation damage to surface areas initially terminated with O ions.

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Predicting spatial activity patterns in a neural map from a probabilistic atlas of 3-D reconstructed neurons

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100140439 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 812-813

Author(s):

G. Jacobs ◽

F. Theunissen

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Sensory System ◽

Neural System ◽

Probabilistic Atlas ◽

Uniform Sample ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

The Time Domain ◽

And Function ◽

Visualization Techniques

In order to understand how the algorithms underlying neural computation are implemented within any neural system, it is necessary to understand details of the anatomy, physiology and global organization of the neurons from which the system is constructed. Information is represented in neural systems by patterns of activity that vary in both their spatial extent and in the time domain. One of the great challenges to microscopists is to devise methods for imaging these patterns of activity and to correlate them with the underlying neuroanatomy and physiology. We have addressed this problem by using a combination of three dimensional reconstruction techniques, quantitative analysis and computer visualization techniques to build a probabilistic atlas of a neural map in an insect sensory system. The principal goal of this study was to derive a quantitative representation of the map, based on a uniform sample of afferents that was of sufficient size to allow statistically meaningful analyses of the relationships between structure and function.

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Inducing Unconscious Stress

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 192-201

Author(s):

Melanie M. van der Ploeg ◽

Jos F. Brosschot ◽

Markus Quirin ◽

Richard D. Lane ◽

Bart Verkuil

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Implicit Measures ◽

Prime Word ◽

Student Sample ◽

Priming Task ◽

Subject Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Stress And Health

Abstract. Stress-related stimuli may be presented outside of awareness and may ultimately influence health by causing repetitive increases in physiological parameters, such as blood pressure (BP). In this study, we aimed to corroborate previous studies that demonstrated BP effects of subliminally presented stress-related stimuli. This would add evidence to the hypothesis that unconscious manifestations of stress can affect somatic health. Additionally, we suggest that these findings may be extended by measuring affective changes relating to these physiological changes, using measures for self-reported and implicit positive and negative affectivity. Using a repeated measures between-subject design, we presented either the prime word “angry” ( n = 26) or “relax” ( n = 28) subliminally (17 ms) for 100 trials to a student sample and measured systolic and diastolic BP, heart rate (HR), and affect. The “angry” prime, compared to the “relax” prime, did not affect any of the outcome variables. During the priming task, a higher level of implicit negative affect (INA) was associated with a lower systolic BP and diastolic BP. No association was found with HR. Self-reported affect and implicit positive affect were not related to the cardiovascular (CV) activity. In sum, anger and relax primes elicited similar CV activity patterns, but implicit measures of affect may provide a new method to examine the relationship between (unconscious) stress and health.

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