Geographic origins of a War of 1812 skeletal sample integrating oxygen and strontium isotopes with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew V. Emery ◽  
Tracy L. Prowse ◽  
Spencer Elford ◽  
Henry P. Schwarcz ◽  
Megan Brickley
Author(s):  
Sara Juengst ◽  
Brittany Hundman ◽  
John Krigbaum ◽  
George Kamenov

In South America, most examples of dental modification come from Ecuador; however, none have been directly radiocarbon dated and few have associated cultural materials or context. In fact, many modified teeth and crania are housed in museum collections, divorced from their cultural and temporal milieus, and because of this it is generally assumed that this limits the interpretive possibility of these individuals. We used multiple methods to investigate temporal and geographic origins of seven crania with dental modification housed in the Museo Antropológico y Arte Contemporáneo in Guayaquil, Ecuador. We identified diverse forms of dental modification, including dental inlays and appliques, incised lines, and anterior dental avulsion. Additionally, teeth from four modified individuals were sampled for radiocarbon dating and isotopic analyses (Sr, Pb, O). The dates indicate that dental modification persisted for at least 600 years (cal. A.D. 990–1646). The relatively heavy oxygen isotopes in the sampled teeth are consistent with Ecuador as a place of origin for the four individuals assayed, but strontium isotopes are quite varied, from 0.70462 to 0.70777 indicating that they did not reside in the same geographical area. Interestingly, the observed variations in strontium isotopes in the four individuals are lower than the modeled 87Sr/86Sr for the region. The values suggest the individuals resided in terrains with volcanic bedrock, which are abundant in Ecuador, yet their influence on the strontium isoscapes is not well represented by the published regional models. This analysis highlights the utility of multiple methods in bioarchaeology and biogeochemistry to investigate “orphaned” museum collections.   En Sudamérica, la mayor parte de los ejemplos de modificación dental surgen de Ecuador; sin embargo, ninguno de estos casos ha sido fechados utilizando análisis de radiocarbono y pocos están asociados con contextos o materiales culturales. De hecho, varios dientes y cráneos modificados están localizados en colecciones museísticas y han sido divorciados de sus entornos culturales y temporales originales, generalmente con la suposición que limitan la posibilidad interpretativa de estos individuos. Nosotros utilizamos varios métodos bioarqueológicos y biogeoquímicos para investigar los orígenes temporales y geográficos de siete cráneos con modificaciones dentales ubicados en el Museo Antropológico y Arte Contemporáneo en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Nosotros identificamos varias formas de modificaciones dentales, incluyendo incrustaciones y aplicaciones dentales, incisiones de líneas y avulsión dental anterior. Adicionalmente, los dientes modificados de cuatro individuos fueron muestreados para fechar con análisis de radiocarbono y análisis isotópico (Sr, Pb, O). Las fechas indican que la modificación dental persistió durante por lo menos 600 años (990–1646 DC). Los isótopos de oxígeno relativamente pesados en los dientes muestreados son consistentes con Ecuador como lugar de origen para los cuatro individuos analizados, pero los isótopos de estroncio son bastante variados, de 0.70462 a 0.70777, lo que indica que no residían en la misma área geográfica. Las variaciones observadas en los isotopos de estroncio son más bajes de los 87Sr/86Sr modeladas para la región e indican que estos individuaos residían en regiones con la roca de fondo volcánica. Las rocas volcánicas son abundadas en Ecuador y aparentemente no está bien representadas en los modelos. Aún más, esta es la primera evidencia bioarqueológica sugerente de avulsión dental en Ecuador prehispánico. Finalmente, este análisis resalta la utilidad de métodos mixtos en bioarqueología y biogeoquímica para investigar colecciones museísticas que han “quedado huérfanas”.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Fauzan Muzakki ◽  
Boedi Tjahjono ◽  
Dwi Putro Tedjo Baskoro

Mulai tahun 2015 hingga 2019 di Kabupaten Bandung Barat akan dibangun sebuah jalur kereta cepat Jakarta-Bandung. Padahal daerah tersebut cenderung bergunung dan berbukit sehingga berpeluang untuk longsor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemetaan bahaya longsor skala 1:25.000 berbasis peta sub-faset lahan (satuan lahan) skala 1:25.000 sebagai satuan pemetaan di CK 88-CK 114 (KM 88-KM 114). Metode penelitian ini mencakup intepretasi visual citra penginderaan jauh untuk pemetaan faset lahan, dan penggunaan lahan dan perhitungan MCE (Multi Criteria Evaluation) untuk penilaian bahaya longsor. Skor dan bobot dari setiap parameter longsor diperoleh dari pendapat para pakar bencana melalui analisis AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). Berdasarkan hasil analisis AHP dan MCE, parameter utama terjadinya longsor di lokasi penelitian adalah faktor geologi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh kelas bahaya longsor sedang seluas 42% dari total luas lokasi penelitian, sedangkan kelas bahaya longsor rendah dan tinggi secara berturut-turut seluas 28% dan 30%. Jika dilakukan perbandingan antara jumlah titik longsor terhadap luasan kelas bahaya longsor diperoleh nilai kerapatan kelas bahaya longsor tinggi hingga rendah secara berturut-turut terdapat pada kelas bahaya tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Oleh karena itu, prediksi zona bahaya longsor yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dapat dikategorikan baik.


Madroño ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Brittni J. Brown ◽  
Donald H. Mansfield

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Badhe ◽  
Ravindra Medhe ◽  
Tushar Shelar

The site suitability for construction of water conservation structures is an important step towards groundwater conservation in arid and semi-arid regions. Water is the most crucial for maintaining an environment and ecosystem which is helpful to sustaining all forms of the life. The increasing water scarcity day to day has been one of the common problems over a period of time. On top of it, when the area is a part of rain shadow zone like Ahmednagar district, water conservation activities are become more important. The present study aims to identify the suitable zones for water conservation activity. Multi- criteria evaluation is carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to help the choice makers in defining suitable site for construction of water conservation structures. Different layers which were considered for multi-criteria evaluation: slope, land use land cover, soil texture, lithology, soil depth, soil erosion, wells, lineaments and drainage network. Analytical Hierarchy Processes (AHP) is used for weighted sum to find suitable sites for implementation of water conservation activity using selected criterions. The site suitability map was classified into four classes: highly suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable and not suitable with area of 19.19%, 26%, 49.03% and 5.78, respectively. This map will help for selection of suitable sites for construction of Mati Nala Bund (MNB), Check Dam, Cement Nala Bund (CNB) and Continuous Contour Trenches (CCT) for conservation of groundwater resource in the region.


1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Jacks ◽  
Göran Åberg ◽  
P. Joseph Hamilton

Strontium isotopes in precipitation, soil and runoff water can be used to establish a ratio of wet plus dry deposited Sr to Sr released by weathering. This ratio is especially enhanced in areas with old acid Proterozoic rocks (0.6-2.5 Ga) and Archean rocks (>2.5 Ga). Since Sr and Ca behave in an analogous way in the coniferous forest ecosystem the results for Sr can be used for the determination of Ca. If the deposition of calcium can be calculated reasonably accurately the weathering rate can also be estimated. Five catchments have been investigated using this approach. Three of them seem to be close to a steady state, wherein the losses and gains of calcium to the system are equal. In the two southern-most catchments there seems to be an ongoing loss of exchangeable calcium. The loss by runoff occurs with sulphate being the dominant anion. Weathering rates of 1.5 to 4.8 kg Ca/ha year have been estimated.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stearns A. Morse ◽  
◽  
S.R. Hart ◽  
Michael J. Jercinovic ◽  
Michael A. Hamilton ◽  
...  
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