Exploring Dental Modification from Coastal Ecuador from an Unprovenienced Museum Collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Juengst ◽  
Brittany Hundman ◽  
John Krigbaum ◽  
George Kamenov
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Strontium Isotopes ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Dental Avulsion ◽  
Arte Contemporáneo

In South America, most examples of dental modification come from Ecuador; however, none have been directly radiocarbon dated and few have associated cultural materials or context. In fact, many modified teeth and crania are housed in museum collections, divorced from their cultural and temporal milieus, and because of this it is generally assumed that this limits the interpretive possibility of these individuals. We used multiple methods to investigate temporal and geographic origins of seven crania with dental modification housed in the Museo Antropológico y Arte Contemporáneo in Guayaquil, Ecuador. We identified diverse forms of dental modification, including dental inlays and appliques, incised lines, and anterior dental avulsion. Additionally, teeth from four modified individuals were sampled for radiocarbon dating and isotopic analyses (Sr, Pb, O). The dates indicate that dental modification persisted for at least 600 years (cal. A.D. 990–1646). The relatively heavy oxygen isotopes in the sampled teeth are consistent with Ecuador as a place of origin for the four individuals assayed, but strontium isotopes are quite varied, from 0.70462 to 0.70777 indicating that they did not reside in the same geographical area. Interestingly, the observed variations in strontium isotopes in the four individuals are lower than the modeled 87Sr/86Sr for the region. The values suggest the individuals resided in terrains with volcanic bedrock, which are abundant in Ecuador, yet their influence on the strontium isoscapes is not well represented by the published regional models. This analysis highlights the utility of multiple methods in bioarchaeology and biogeochemistry to investigate “orphaned” museum collections.   En Sudamérica, la mayor parte de los ejemplos de modificación dental surgen de Ecuador; sin embargo, ninguno de estos casos ha sido fechados utilizando análisis de radiocarbono y pocos están asociados con contextos o materiales culturales. De hecho, varios dientes y cráneos modificados están localizados en colecciones museísticas y han sido divorciados de sus entornos culturales y temporales originales, generalmente con la suposición que limitan la posibilidad interpretativa de estos individuos. Nosotros utilizamos varios métodos bioarqueológicos y biogeoquímicos para investigar los orígenes temporales y geográficos de siete cráneos con modificaciones dentales ubicados en el Museo Antropológico y Arte Contemporáneo en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Nosotros identificamos varias formas de modificaciones dentales, incluyendo incrustaciones y aplicaciones dentales, incisiones de líneas y avulsión dental anterior. Adicionalmente, los dientes modificados de cuatro individuos fueron muestreados para fechar con análisis de radiocarbono y análisis isotópico (Sr, Pb, O). Las fechas indican que la modificación dental persistió durante por lo menos 600 años (990–1646 DC). Los isótopos de oxígeno relativamente pesados en los dientes muestreados son consistentes con Ecuador como lugar de origen para los cuatro individuos analizados, pero los isótopos de estroncio son bastante variados, de 0.70462 a 0.70777, lo que indica que no residían en la misma área geográfica. Las variaciones observadas en los isotopos de estroncio son más bajes de los 87Sr/86Sr modeladas para la región e indican que estos individuaos residían en regiones con la roca de fondo volcánica. Las rocas volcánicas son abundadas en Ecuador y aparentemente no está bien representadas en los modelos. Aún más, esta es la primera evidencia bioarqueológica sugerente de avulsión dental en Ecuador prehispánico. Finalmente, este análisis resalta la utilidad de métodos mixtos en bioarqueología y biogeoquímica para investigar colecciones museísticas que han “quedado huérfanas”.

scholarly journals Wine Marketing: Consumer Persuasion through the Region of Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sabrina Latusi ◽  
Cristina Zerbini ◽  
Silvia Maestripieri ◽  
Beatrice Luceri
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Print Advertising ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Print Advertisement ◽  
Advertising Context ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Place Of Origin

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the communication of the region of origin – through either pictorial or pictorial-textual formats – in print advertising messages for wine bearing a GI label. An experimental design was used to manipulate the region of origin presentation in print advertisement (absent vs pictorial vs pictorial-textual) while measuring participants’ attitude towards advertisement and purchase intention (dependent variables). Results provide empirical support to the appropriateness of highlighting the geographical area, by combining textual-pictorial cues, to induce a positive attitude towards advertisement and purchase intention in wine consumers. The study makes a new theoretical contribution in the field of communication about wine bearing a GI label, since the persuasive effect of the geographical area has not been systematically tested in an advertising context. Although the wine’s place of origin is its signature to many consumers, there is no strong evidence on the effectiveness of conveying the values of such a place through its picture and/or name. For marketing practitioners, the study highlights the opportunity to use extrinsic advertising cues that leverage intangible wine values combining pictorial-textual formats. 

scholarly journals Expertise and the formation of university museum collections

1970 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Terje Brattli ◽  
Morten Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
University Museum ◽  
The University ◽  
Made In

This text is a project presentation of work in progress. The objective is to introduce an alternative analytical approach to university museum collections as a phenomenon. This endeavour has been motivated by our experiences of the dynamic and multiple practices and versions of collections by these museums, rather than of the collections as static and uniform. Based on an approach inspired by ontological politics, we analyse the university museum collection as a result of different enactments rather than as a homogeneous entity that either just is, either passively observed or strategically and/or competitively constructed. These theoretical reflections, in addition to observations made in an initial empirical study of practices at a university museum, indicate the need to acknowledge the coexistence of several parallel versions of the university museum collection as expertise performance. This allows for the understanding of the university museum collection as multiple, and the second phase of this project will consist of analysis of relationships between various simultaneous practices and versions.

scholarly journals Writing from a Distance. The Past and the Present in Novels by Central and Eastern European Female Migrant Writers in Italy

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Anna Belozorovich
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Female Migrant

Based on a research concerning literary works by the authors from Central and Eastern European countries living in Italy, this article explores the imaginary bonded to a vast geographical area and to a variety of social experiences connected to that area under regime or to the post-migration condition. The interviews conducted with the selected writers allow the authoress to gather elements that show the perception of the place of origin and its connection with neighboring countries, suggested by different motivations. The literary works cited in the article give testimony of lives under regimes and describe moments of transition due to political and social change or to the choice to migrate. While revealing sometimes a stereotyped view of the idea of ‘East’ in opposition to the ‘West’, these different voices, located at a spatial and temporal distance from the social realities they explore, suggest an important role of literary expression as means for contrasting the oblivion of the past and present injustices.

scholarly journals First records of the Wing-barred Seedeater, Sporophila americana (Gmelin, 1789) (Thraupidae), for Acre and a revision of its distribution in the Brazilian Amazon

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
Edson Guilherme ◽  
Diego Pedroza ◽  
David Pedroza Guimarães ◽  
Ana Caroline Gomes De Lima
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Sympatric Zone

We present the first records of the Wing-barred Seedeater (Sporophila americana)in Acre, Brazil. These observations, together with the published records and the specimens housed in museum collections, indicate that S. americana occurs over a considerably larger geographical area than is currently presented in the relevant literature. The occurrence of S. americana in the region of São Paulo de Olivença, in the Brazilian state of Amazonas indicates the potential existence of a sympatric zone with the congener Caqueta Seedeater (Sporophila murallae) in the western Amazonia.

scholarly journals Da extroversão dos acervos aos novos potenciais de análise da informação em processos de abertura de dados: em foco a documentação do acervo museológico do Museu do Índio/FUNAI | From the extroversion of the collections to the new potentials of information analysis in processes of data openness: in focus the documentation of the museum collection of the Museu do Índio/ FUNAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Alves Silva ◽  
Dalton Lopes Martins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
The Social ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Networks Analysis

RESUMO O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a investigação efetuada a partir de objetos digitais, mais propriamente coleções digitais, procurando conceituar como compreende ciência aberta no contexto da pesquisa sobre os acervos museológicos de uma importante instituição, como o Museu do Índio. Utilizando-se de particularidades da ferramenta Tainacan aplicada pelo Museu do Índio para a disponibilização de seu acervo, de forma a efetuar a coleta de dados que tem grande representatividade no que diz respeito a um acervo museológico, a partir dessa coleta, foi possível representar os dados a partir do uso de métodos correlatos a análise de redes sociais (ARS), o que possibilita uma análise visual das informações obtidas e uma boa representatividade das correlações percebidas entre os diferentes aspectos do acervo.Palavras-chave: Museu do Índio; Ciência Aberta; Tainacan; Análise de Redes Sociais.ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to present research carried out using digital objects, more specifically digital collections, seeking to conceptualize how open science is understood in the context of research on the museum collections of an important institution, such as the Museu do Índio. Using special features of the Tainacan tool used by the Museu do Índio to make available its collection, in order to collect data that has great representativity in what concerns a museum collection, from the collected information it was possible to represent the data using related methods to the Social Networks Analysis (SNA), which allows a visual analysis of the information obtained and a good representation of the perceived correlations between the different aspects of the collection.Keywords: Museu do Índio; Open Science; Tainacan; Social Network Analysis.

scholarly journals Revising the Dead Art of Skeleton Preparation for Today’s Museum Collections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26278
Author(s):  
Judith Streat
Keyword(s):  
Steel Wire ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Leopard Seal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dermestid Beetles ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Museum Practice ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Many museums have an eclectic mix of skeletons in their collections. These curiosities from across the globe were processed from the carcass using a variety of techniques with varying degrees of success. The details of how these animals have journeyed from death to collection item are scarce. The old techniques and skill involved in constructing skeletons, from large down to the most delicate and tiny, can still be marveled at today. However some skeletons were poorly articulated, others incomplete or put together borrowing bones from another animal or bird. In the case of animals not known as live specimines ignorance may have been a factor in achieving an incorrect stance while other specimines were intentionally exaggerated to impress rather than appear true to nature. A selection of methods for the preparation of skeletons have been used, such as carcinogenic chemicals, bleaches, detergents and solvents, fresh and seawater maceration, flesh-eating dermestid beetles, boiling bones to remove the oils and flesh, and composting. Skeletons were articulated for display by drilling and pinning the bones, sometimes using irreversible glues or ferrous wire that rusted over time. Over the past 18 years I have prepared and articulated native bird and marine mammal skeletons for the Otago Museum collection. To ensure the bones are not contaminated by chemicals or physically damaged, methods and requirements have evolved over a relatively short time, as conservation has become an integral part of museum practice. This presentation will provide an overview of the fresh water maceration process, some lessons learnt, the articulation method developed using an external stainless steel wire armature to hold each bone in position, and organizing bones with safety, articulation and transportation in mind. I will share the journey from corpse to collection item of Autahi the leopard seal and other skeletons I have worked with.

scholarly journals Irish clergy in late medieval England

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (126) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
Virginia Davis
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
History Of ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Late Medieval England

This article examines a hitherto unexplored source for the history of the Irish clergy in England — English episcopal ordination lists — to see what they can reveal about Irish clergy in medieval England: their geographic origins, their numbers and, less tangibly, their motivation both for coming to England and for remaining there.Episcopal ordination lists survive, with gaps, for most English dioceses from the later thirteenth century onwards and are the formal records of the diocesan ordination ceremonies held quarterly by bishops or their suffragans, at which men wishing to be ordained to the priesthood were ordained successively to the orders of acolyte, subdeacon, deacon and priest. The ordination lists can add substantially to our knowledge of the vast mass of the medieval clergy, especially the unbeneficed, who frequently remain almost hidden from the historian. Episcopal ordination lists detail information such as the date and place of ordination, the ordinand’s diocese of origin, and occasionally a more precise place of origin and educational qualifications. If the candidate for ordination belonged to a religious order, usually this order and the actual house to which he was attached are listed. Thus these lists can provide a substantial corpus of information, particularly since every member of the clergy ought to be included in the ordination lists as they climbed the ranks of the clerical hierarchy; the same information should be available for everybody, whether they later became an archbishop or found themselves scratching out a living as an underpaid vicar or an unbeneficed mass priest. Over the last few years the computerisation of this material has produced a database of English medieval clergy drawn from the contents of surviving English episcopal ordination lists.

scholarly journals CENTRAL STORAGE FACILITY FOR MUSEUM COLLECTIONS: A NEW TASK FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MUSEUMS AND PUBLIC COLLECTIONS

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Janusz Czop
Keyword(s):  
Museum Collection ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Major Development ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Central Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Museum is collections. Their safe and appropriate storage has always been and will remain the basic statutory activity of every museum. As can be found in both domestic and international sources, merely a fraction of museums’ collections is on permanent display, while their remaining part is kept in museums’ storerooms. Therefore, the priority goal of every museum, of its management, and organizer, should be the availability of an adequate storage area. Regrettably, history and praxis demonstrate that it is precisely within this field that museums have always had and continue having the greatest needs. Worldwide museology faces the ongoing challenge of museum collection storage, and this is the challenge that Polish museums face as well. Fortunately, for over two decades a process of actual transformation in this respect has been occurring, the latter resulting in modern storage facilities being built. These, complying with the latest standards, shall guarantee high-quality protection to the collections, as well as a low-budget construction, and low energy consumption in the course of operations. Poland, too, has been participating in these changes. Recently, the topic of museum storage areas has entered the list of priority tasks of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, which in 2016 commissioned the National Institute for Museums and Public Collections (NIMOZ) to provide appropriate reports, analyses, and concepts, while in 2018 it formally assigned the Construction of the Central Storage Facility for Museum Collections Project (CMZM) to NIMOZ. A new position of the Director’s Proxy for the Central Storage Facility for Museum Collections has been created. This means that a major development in the history of Polish museology has taken place: at the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and its subordinate cultural institution definite steps have formally been taken in order to resolve the problems of museum collection storage in Poland. The assumption has been made that CMZM will be a pilot and model solution that can be followed by subsequent storage facilities for museums in Poland’s other regions.

scholarly journals Out of the closet and into the museum: The costumes of Mika Haka

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Tharron Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Leader ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Related Material ◽  
Positive Experiences

The Auckland Museum recently acquired a significant collection of costume and related material from New Zealand entertainer and community leader Mika Haka. Mika has collected material for over thirty years and it was always his intention that his material would become part of a museum collection. Mika’s motivations to offer material to the Auckland Museum included the positive experiences he had with the Museum and that these objects would speak for takatāpui / LGBT+ communities who are underrepresented in museum collections. The process of selecting material for the museum was a challenge due to the size and variety of the collection. The costumes that represent Mika’s life and are now preserved in the Auckland Museum have wide ranging research and display potential and

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