Exploring Dental Modification from Coastal Ecuador from an Unprovenienced Museum Collection

In South America, most examples of dental modification come from Ecuador; however, none have been directly radiocarbon dated and few have associated cultural materials or context. In fact, many modified teeth and crania are housed in museum collections, divorced from their cultural and temporal milieus, and because of this it is generally assumed that this limits the interpretive possibility of these individuals. We used multiple methods to investigate temporal and geographic origins of seven crania with dental modification housed in the Museo Antropológico y Arte Contemporáneo in Guayaquil, Ecuador. We identified diverse forms of dental modification, including dental inlays and appliques, incised lines, and anterior dental avulsion. Additionally, teeth from four modified individuals were sampled for radiocarbon dating and isotopic analyses (Sr, Pb, O). The dates indicate that dental modification persisted for at least 600 years (cal. A.D. 990–1646). The relatively heavy oxygen isotopes in the sampled teeth are consistent with Ecuador as a place of origin for the four individuals assayed, but strontium isotopes are quite varied, from 0.70462 to 0.70777 indicating that they did not reside in the same geographical area. Interestingly, the observed variations in strontium isotopes in the four individuals are lower than the modeled 87Sr/86Sr for the region. The values suggest the individuals resided in terrains with volcanic bedrock, which are abundant in Ecuador, yet their influence on the strontium isoscapes is not well represented by the published regional models. This analysis highlights the utility of multiple methods in bioarchaeology and biogeochemistry to investigate “orphaned” museum collections. En Sudamérica, la mayor parte de los ejemplos de modificación dental surgen de Ecuador; sin embargo, ninguno de estos casos ha sido fechados utilizando análisis de radiocarbono y pocos están asociados con contextos o materiales culturales. De hecho, varios dientes y cráneos modificados están localizados en colecciones museísticas y han sido divorciados de sus entornos culturales y temporales originales, generalmente con la suposición que limitan la posibilidad interpretativa de estos individuos. Nosotros utilizamos varios métodos bioarqueológicos y biogeoquímicos para investigar los orígenes temporales y geográficos de siete cráneos con modificaciones dentales ubicados en el Museo Antropológico y Arte Contemporáneo en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Nosotros identificamos varias formas de modificaciones dentales, incluyendo incrustaciones y aplicaciones dentales, incisiones de líneas y avulsión dental anterior. Adicionalmente, los dientes modificados de cuatro individuos fueron muestreados para fechar con análisis de radiocarbono y análisis isotópico (Sr, Pb, O). Las fechas indican que la modificación dental persistió durante por lo menos 600 años (990–1646 DC). Los isótopos de oxígeno relativamente pesados en los dientes muestreados son consistentes con Ecuador como lugar de origen para los cuatro individuos analizados, pero los isótopos de estroncio son bastante variados, de 0.70462 a 0.70777, lo que indica que no residían en la misma área geográfica. Las variaciones observadas en los isotopos de estroncio son más bajes de los 87Sr/86Sr modeladas para la región e indican que estos individuaos residían en regiones con la roca de fondo volcánica. Las rocas volcánicas son abundadas en Ecuador y aparentemente no está bien representadas en los modelos. Aún más, esta es la primera evidencia bioarqueológica sugerente de avulsión dental en Ecuador prehispánico. Finalmente, este análisis resalta la utilidad de métodos mixtos en bioarqueología y biogeoquímica para investigar colecciones museísticas que han “quedado huérfanas”.

Emergency management of dental avulsion and replantation

Dental replantation is a major problem in public health. Its prognosis depends on emergency care, but there is a lack of knowledge on it. So, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge of undergraduate students of Dentistry, Speech Therapy, Physical Education, Pedagogy, and Technologist in Radiology. One hundred and fifty one students answered 10 questions about emergency replantation care. Then, an educational lecture was performed. The same questions were asked again to the same students to reevaluate their answers. The statistical tests were employed at a significant level of p<0.05. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) on the answers before and after the lecture. The dental students had a higher knowledge of the subject (p<0.05). The educational presentation reached its objective, since there was an improvement in the index of all answers of the post-lecture questionnaire, demonstrating that the people must be informed and trained in the emergency management of dental avulsion.

Knowledge and Attitude of Guardians in Management of Avulsion of Primary and Permanent Teeth of Children: A Questionnaire-Based Study

Aims: This study aims to assess knowledge and attitude of guardians in management of dental avulsion of the children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Pakistan, from April to May 2021. A total of 400 parents were recruited. An online self-administered questionnaire was circulated to the parents after taking the informed consent. 17 questions regarding demographics, knowledge and attitude were included. Chi-square test was used for association between demographics and responses of the participants. Results: Of the 400 participants, there were 140 (35%) males and 260 (65%) females. Most of the 180 (45%) participants belonged to 18-30 years age bracket. About 63% of the children did not have past dental trauma history. Predominantly, 80% chose dentists being most appropriate of emergency treatment. 33% believed to visit the dentist within 30minutes for treatment. About 50% participants agreed avulsed teeth can be placed back into its original position. More than half knew different transport mediums, with milk (21%) and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (19%) being commonly selected. Younger age group and females were more knowledgeable regarding emergency management. Conclusion: Dental avulsion is a common finding in childhood, which mandates proper knowledge for the guardians. There is still a gap present in adequate knowledge for management of such emergencies which mandates organizations of education and awareness programs for both children and adults.

Pemanfaatan Platform Video Online Mengenai Penatalaksanaan Kedaruratan Avulsi Gigi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

ABSTRAK Avulsi gigi merupakan jenis cedera umum yang mengakibatkan gigi terlepas dari soket alveolar. Jenis trauma dentoalveolar ini menyebabkan ligamen periodontal terputus dengan atau tanpa fraktur tulang alveolus. Meskipun perawatan yang ideal adalah replantasi gigi segera di tempat terjadinya trauma, hal ini mungkin tidak dapat dilakukan secara praktis dalam setiap kasus. Masyarakat masih belum mengetahui upaya pertolongan pertama pada penatalaksanaan avulsi gigi sebelum dilakukan replantasi untuk mempertahankan viabilitas jaringan di sekitar gigi yang lepas. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang cara membersihkan dan menyimpan gigi dengan tepat yang bertujuan meningkatkan keberhasilan perawatan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Pelaksanaan kegiatan kepada masyarakat ini meliputi pembuatan video animasi edukasi dan pengunggahan video tersebut pada platform video online “Youtube”. Respon yang diperoleh dari masyarakat dilakukan melalui kuesioner. Pengisian kuesioner oleh masyarakat (50 orang) didapatkan hasil yaitu sebanyak 50% sangat puas ; 48% puas ; 2% cukup puas ; 0% tidak puas ; dan 2% sangat tidak puas terhadap video edukasi yang ditayangkan pada platform YouTube tersebut. Tingginya kepuasan masyarakat diharapkan diimbangi dengan peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang penatalaksanaan kedaruratan avulsi gigi di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang disajikan dari video animasi edukasi. Kata Kunci: Avulsi gigi, ligamen periodontal, replantasi gigi, trauma dentoalveolar ABSTRACT Dental avulsion is a common type of injury that causes teeth to detach from the alveolar socket. This type of dentoalveolar trauma results in severed periodontal ligaments with or without alveolar bone fracture. Although the ideal treatment is dental replantation immediately at the site of the trauma, this may not be practicable in every case. The community still does not know the first aid efforts in the management of dental avulsion before replanting to maintain the viability of the tissue around the loose tooth. This community service activity is carried out to increase community knowledge about how to clean and store teeth properly with the aim of increasing the success of treatment in the Covid-19 pandemic. The implementation of this activity to the community includes making educational animated videos and uploading them to the online video platform "Youtube". The responses obtained from the community were carried out through a questionnaire. Filling out the questionnaire by the community (48 people) showed that 42% were very satisfied; 48% satisfied; 6% were quite satisfied; 0% dissatisfied, and 4% are very dissatisfied with the educational video shown on the YouTube platform. The high level of community satisfaction is expected to be balanced with an increase in public knowledge and awareness about the emergency management of dental avulsion during the Covid-19 pandemic, which is presented from an educational animated video. Keywords: Dental avulsion, periodontal ligament, dental replantation, dentoalveolar trauma

Implications of the use of Strontium Ranelate (SRAN) in periodontics, dental implantology, oral surgery, orthodontics and endodontics and its possibility of application as storage media for avulsed teeth

Dental avulsion is still public health problem and tooth replantation has important unsuccess rates due to root resorption. Strontium ranelate (SRAN) presents antiresorptive property on the bone tissue and stimulates bone formation. So we aimed to comprehensively review the literature to 1- understand the mechanism of action of SRAN regarding to its propaedeutic in periodontics, dental implantology, oral surgery, orthodontics and endodontics, 2- present the current scientific knowledge about the SRAN efficiency on tooth avulsion; 3- observe fails and gaps in the literature and open up for unexplored ideas for SRAN uses and applications. An electronic search was performed crossing the key words ‘strontium ranelate’, ‘periodontics’, ‘dental implantology’, ‘oral surgery’, ‘orthodontics’ and ‘endodontics’, PubMed/Medline, Lilacs and BBO electronic databases were searched for research articles, reviews of literature, animal laboratory studies and laboratory studies, which had been published in English until July 2020. Twenty-five articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The available literature demonstrates that SRAN provides a really better propaedeutic on the bone tissue and that the topical applications show a lower risk of side effects. That open up new perspectives and for the use of SRAN as a potential storage media for avulsed teeth.

Construction and validation of a podcast for dental surgeons: timely conduction after tooth avulsion

Objective: Create and validate a podcast for dental surgeons as a guide after a dental avulsion. The validation was done through Google forms. Nine expert judges participated, following four aspects: characterization of the judges, content, functionality and appearance. The quantitative analysis was performed with Excel software to calculate the content validity index. Method: Methodological study with a quantitative and validation approach, carried out in three stages: integrative review of the literature; technology construction; validation of a post-avulsion podcast presented to nine expert judges. A Likert scale was used for data collection. For the analysis, a content validity index ≥ 0.75 was adopted. Results: The Content Validity Index presented values ​​of 0.84% ​​in its structure and presentation, 099% of high relevance for expert judges. Conclusion: The “Al Dente” podcast contains important information on dental reimplantation after an avulsion, resulting in preventive measures that directly influence health services.

Dental avulsion management by emergency professionals and efficacy of education

This intervention study evaluated knowledge of first responders regarding the emergency clinical protocol in cases of dental avulsions and impact of an informative campaign. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate effect of provided information on knowledge among emergency service professionals regarding the management of avulsion of teeth: before campaign (T0) and after campaign (T1). Participants were invited to attend the dental trauma awareness campaign that was carried out by the researchers. The campaign addressed main doubts and difficulties regarding emergency dental trauma care. Data were statistically analyzed (p <0.05). There was significant increasing in the knowledge of professionals regarding the possibility (from 74% to 88%) and ability (5% to 32%) of first responders perform tooth replantation; about the ideal time to perform the replantation (from 30% to 59%); about the correct handling (from 52% to 85%) and the need for cleaning (from 60% to 79%) of an avulsed tooth for replantation. It can be concluded there is a lack of knowledge of emergency service professionals about tooth avulsion management. The strong message is the importance not only of identifying the lack of knowledge of the professionals about tooth injuries, but also perform the education that can significantly improve the professional knowledge.

Prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma in the people of the urban parish San Sebastián, Cuenca (Ecuador), 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dentoalveolartrauma in the urban parish of San Sebastián, Cuenca (Ecuador), in the year 2019. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out retrospectively, 316 people from the San Sebastián parish were included. The lifting of the information was made through a survey. The dependent variable was the prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma. The independent variables wereage, sex, dental arch, teeth affected, etiological agent and avulsion. The Chi square statistic was used with α= 0.05 and used the statistical program SPSS V25. Results: 48.4% were men and 51.6% women, between 1 and 92 years. The prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma was 3.2%, with 10 people dentoalveolar trauma, 7 women and 3 men; 7 people ages 18 and 56years; 5 people with an affected tooth; 3 people with dental avulsion due to trauma. The upper dental arch was the most affected and it was found that the impact with the objects was the main cause. Conclusion: The prevalence of dentoalveolar trauma in the population of San Sebastián was low;there was no significant relationship between sex, age and prevalence. The clash with objects and the upper jaw were the most affected