PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DESA DI KPH WILAYAH VIII SEMENDO DARI PERSPEKTIF KINERJA KELEMBAGAAN

Muara Danau Village Forest Management Institution (LPHD) is a forum on forest management activities that aim to improve community welfare. At present, the condition of the farming business is not effective, so it requires some rules as a measure of success. This study aims to analyze the institution of the Muara Danau Village Forest Management Institution (LPHD) in the implementation of Village Forest Management. The research was conducted in Muara Danau Village, Semende Darat Laut Subdistrict, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province, from March to April 2020. Data were analyzed by using the SSBP approach. The results of the study showed the situation of farmers utilizing forest resources in the form of water sources and non-timber forest products. Smallholders manage the forest based on institutional structure stated in the AD/ART, and administrative sanctions. In terms of planting patterns in the arable land, the structure controls farmer behavior by using an agroforestry system. This makes Muara Danau Village Forest Management Institution (LPHD) obtain a good performance in the aspect of institutional management which is measured by the involvement of members and institutional administrators in group activities/training (91%) and the types of binding group rules in the form of written rules (AD/ART) as well as unwritten rules (84%) in managing areas measured based on the type of forest resource conservation activity (95%). However, managing businesses have not obtained optimal results, as measured by the absence of institutions that handle the marketing of forest products for groups (cooperatives). Based on the results of the research, the institution of Muara Danau Village Forest Management Institution (LPHD) is categorized as good.

Estrogenic Waste Conservation in Bengawan Solo Sub-Watershed: Application of Contingent Valuation Method

This study aims to determine the number of people willing to pay (WTP) for clean water using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The sub-watersheds are located on the Pucang Sawit, Pepe, Premulung, and Kalianyar rivers. The data were random collected through interviews using questionnaires. The primary data consisted of four types, namely socioeconomic, perceptions of the environment and clean water, conservation of polluted water and simulations. The calculation of WTP with the CVM approach was carried out in 4 stages, including creating a hypothetical market, obtaining the WTP value, using an analytical model with dummy variables, and data analysis. The data analysis includes descriptive, regression, model significance, coefficient of determination (R2), and partial test. The results showed that 69.2% of respondents chose the 3rd simulation, with the willingness to plant 20 clumps of portulaca plants, to clean 50 litres of water for IDR 300,000. Based on the partial test, the variables that significantly affect WTP were the monthly expense, number of family members, gender, participation in environmental activities, and willingness to pay for water conservation. The contribution of this study is to be able to determine the WTP of a water conservation activity polluted in another area.

Ecotourism Promotes Conservation Activity at Tourism Destinations: A case study at Limestone Forest, Langkawi

This study aims to investigate the role of ecotourism activities and programs in promoting the conservation and protection of the limestone forest at tourism destinations in Langkawi. University students from Malaysia and Australia collaborated in this case study to gather data on the applicability of using ecotourism as a tool for conservation activities in Langkawi. Three field trips were undertaken to the Langkawi limestone forests, where researchers employed onsite observation and face to face interviews with 30 stakeholders from multiple backgrounds. The result indicated that through hands-on experience, ecotourism promotes the conservation and protection of the limestone forest. Keywords: ecotourism, conservation, limestone forest, Langkawi eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., U.K. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI6.3047

Increasing AZA-Accredited Zoo and Aquarium Engagement in Conservation

Conservation should be the higher purpose of any modern zoological facility and has consistently been a required element of accreditation by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Each year, AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums collectively commit considerable resources to conservation around the world, exceeding 150 million USD annually since 2011 and exceeding 231 million USD in 2019. Furthermore, with 195 million people visiting AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums each year, there is enormous opportunity to connect people to nature and engage them as agents of change. As AZA facilities continue to prioritize conservation-driven missions, their participation in field conservation has increased greatly. AZA SAFE: Saving Animals From Extinction (SAFE)® was established in 2014 to encourage greater collaboration of AZA members and their field partners to save species. The SAFE framework is dedicated to species recovery and based on conservation best practices. SAFE species programs develop 3-year action plans that build on established recovery plans, evaluate impact, and combine AZA facilities and visitors to increase resources for research, public engagement, communications, and conservation funding. Here we share preliminary outcomes of the SAFE program as they relate to programmatic measures of success to determine whether the framework 1) is useful for the AZA membership as measured by engagement and participation, and 2) increases conservation activity on behalf of targeted species as measured by the number of facilities supporting a species' conservation and financial investment. In this analysis we utilized data supported by the AZA Annual Report for Conservation and Science (ARCS) to demonstrate benefits of the SAFE framework and provide insights into future strategies to enhance conservation impact.

Management Models Applied to the Human-Wolf Conflict in Agro-Forestry-Pastoral Territories of Two Italian Protected Areas and One Spanish Game Area

Our work shows that, despite the persistence of persecutory actions, conservation activity has proved successful for the return of numerous wild mammals to different habitats, including the wolf. The human-wolf conflict is still described in all countries where the wolf is present. This is evidenced by the high number of damages on livestock, and the corpses of wolves found both in protected areas and in those where hunting is permitted. The diagnosis of road accidents, together with poisoning and poaching, are major causes of mortality. Although hunting records the highest percentage of kills in Spain, the demographic stability reported by the censuses suggests that this activity does not have a consistent influence on the Iberian wolf population's survival. In Italy, where wolf hunting is prohibited, wolf populations are to be increasing. In some Italian situations, wolf attacks on horses seem to cause unwanted damage to foals, but they represent a very precious source of information about the habits of carnivores. A simple management plan would be sufficient to help the coexistence between the productive parts and the ecosystem services ensured by the presence of the wolf. The presence of hybrids is a negative factor.

Local wisdom in environment conservation: A study on a conservation and energy self-sufficient village

Farmer group of Bendrong Hamlet has conducted a series of reforestation activities to cope with landslides and secure the clean water supply to all villages. Although the attempt has run well, many problems have begun to arise, such as people’s land being sold. The buyers are outsiders, thereby deviating from the specified principles of conservation and people’s awareness of conservation activity decreasing. These problems should be solved immediately, recalling Malang Regency is vulnerable to landslide disaster incidence. The research objectives were to reconstruct the conservation conceptualization model and improve the community-based conservation model using a qualitative research method with a case study approach and interactive data analysis technique. The conservation undertaken by people in Bendrong Hamlet divides into two: green and energy conservations. Green conservation conduct through people planting forests with forestry plants and agroforestry plants below it—energy conservation conduct by processing cow manure into biogas as alternative energy. Besides, the conservation activity is intended to be intended for environmental factors and intended as an economic factor obtained from green and energy conservation activities. Social institutions’ participation, legitimacy, and government, private, and community’s participation, either individually or in the group, are essential to the performance of conservation activity as the attempt of conserving natural resource; also, economic activity should be included in the conservation activity to result in an effective and sustainable community conservation activity.

Plant Conservation Based on Tri Mandala Concept on Homegarden at Pakraman Penge Village, Baru Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency, Bali

Penge Pakraman village is a traditional village that has the potency to become ecotourism. The emergence of new tourist attractions affects land changes to support tourism activities. This causes the number of plant species in nature to decrease. Plant conservation by utilizing local wisdom is one effort to reduce the decrease of plant species number. The application of Tri Hita Karana and Tri Mandala in Balinese daily life able to support plant conservation activity. The objective of this research was to determine the role of Tri Mandala concept in plant conservation at Pakraman Penge home garden. Data collection methods are carried out through observation plant location with inventory number and name of plants in house sample. Plant use continues with study literature. The results of an inventory of plant diversity in home gardens of Pakraman Penge village recorded 70 species of plants from 16 houses sample. The plant habitus varied from herbs, shrubs until trees. Plant species in the home gardens have functions for ceremonies (51%), medicinal (24%), ornamental (17%), food (6%), and spices (2%). However, based on the location, most plant species were found in madya mandala and the lowest were found in utama mandala. We also found plants with conservation status consist of least concerned (15 species), vulnerable (Dracaena draco), near threatened (Cycas rumphii), endangered (Coffea arabica). Therefore, the application of Tri Mandala concept on Balinese home gardens supports plant conservation and gives economic benefit in individual level

Multi-level social-ecological networks in a payments for ecosystem services programme in central Veracruz, Mexico

Summary Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programmes have been considered an important conservation mechanism to avoid deforestation. These environmental policies act in social and ecological contexts at different spatial scales. We evaluated the social-ecological fit between stakeholders and ecosystem processes in a local PES programme across three levels: social, ecological and social-ecological. We explored collaboration among stakeholders, assessed connectivity between forest units and evaluated conservation activity links between stakeholders and forest units. In addition, to increase programme effectiveness, we classified forest units based on their social and ecological importance. Our main findings suggest that non-governmental organizations occupy brokerage positions between landowners and government in a dense collaboration network. We also found a partial spatial misfit between conservation activity links and the forest units that provide the most hydrological services to Xalapa. We conclude that conservation efforts should be directed towards the middle and high part of the Pixquiac sub-watershed and that the role of non-governmental organizations as mediators should be strengthened to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the local PES programme.

The Effect of Land Unit Elimination on The Conservation Activity Plan at Air Bengkulu Watershed, Bengkulu Province

To enable conservation of degraded land requires Map of Conservation Activity Plan (CAP). The map is established based on a model developed by the then Ministry of Environment and Forestry. One step to analyze the CAP is land unit elimination (LUE) having area of < 1 cm2. This study aimed to determine the effect of LUE on the CAP at Air Bengkulu Watershed. Maps used for input to CAP are EHL (Erosion Hazard Level), Soil Depth, Slope, Population Pressure, and the Recommended Landuse, whereas to calculate EHL requires R, K, LS, C, and P Factors. CAP Map as a result without involving LUE is compared to the CAP Map with involving LUE. The research result showed that the LUE influences on the change of the recommended of the CAP up to 77.6% of the total area of the study, either in engineering recommended or in vegetatively recommended conservation, while the rest (22.4%) were unchanged.