scholarly journals Cognitive schema and naturalistic decision making in evidence-based practices

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Falzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cognitive Schema ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practices

scholarly journals Using Evidence-Based Practice and Data-Based Decision Making in Inclusive Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Wilcox ◽  
Cristina Fernandez Conde ◽  
Amy Kowbel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Teacher Capacity ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Current State ◽  
Inclusive Settings ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Based Decision Making

There are longstanding calls for inclusive education for all regardless of student need or teacher capacity to meet those needs. Unfortunately, there are little empirical data to support full inclusion for all students and even less information on the role of data-based decision making in inclusive education specifically, even though there is extensive research on the effectiveness of data-based decision making. In this article, we reviewed what data-based decision making is and its role in education, the current state of evidence related to inclusive education, and how data-based decision making can be used to support decisions for students with reading disabilities and those with intellectual disabilities transitioning to adulthood. What is known about evidence-based practices in supporting reading and transition are reviewed in relationship to the realities of implementing these practices in inclusive education settings. Finally, implications for using data-based decisions in inclusive settings are discussed.

scholarly journals Multifunctionality of agriculture, public policies and scientific evidences: Some critical issues of contemporary controversies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Laurent ◽  
Marielle Berriet-Solliec ◽  
Marc Kirsch ◽  
Pierre Labarthe ◽  
AurélieT AurélieTrouvé
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Situation

Various theoretical models of public policy analysis are used to treat situations of decision-making in which public deciders have to take into account the multifunctionality of agriculture. For some, science-society relations are not really problematical. Others acknowledge the current attempts of these policy-makers to find adequate scientific knowledge, and the difficulties they encounter. These difficulties stem partly from the very content of knowledge produced by research. Could other modes of production be more efficient? The status of the knowledge produced by these approaches is a subject of debate. Bridging the divide between science and policy more effectively is not only a question of knowledge brokerage.Accessibility and reliability of the existing evidences are also problems to be addressed. The debates around evidence-based practices may provide some landmarks in this new situation although they also emphasize the limits of the tools that can be built for this purpose.  

Naturalistic Decision Making and the Practice of Health Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Falzer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Care Community

A recent essay in this journal identified health care as a fertile domain for extending the reach of naturalistic decision making (NDM). It targeted the “best practices regimen,” a host of initiatives begun in the late 20th century that address problems in service delivery, skyrocketing costs, and impediments in transforming products of basic science into effective treatments. Of particular importance are efforts to base treatment decisions on empirical research findings and to gauge the quality of decisions by their conformance to evidence-based practices. The challenges that the essay identified and the ways of addressing these challenges are well known in the health care community. They have had limited impact owing to several factors, including how advocates of the best practices regimen envision clinical decision making and their tendency to equate the exercise of skill with resistance to change. This paper describes the regimen’s concept of decision making and its principles and deficiencies. It also identifies a conundrum: oversimplification prevents complexity from being recognized; as a result, evidence-based recommendations frequently have unforeseeable and deleterious consequences. The paper proposes that NDM is well positioned to address these problems and make a valuable contribution to health care practice. It illustrates NDM-based theories and concepts with a research example and describes their ability to address complex issues that arise in treating chronic illnesses.

Navigating the Evidence-Based Practice Maze

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie L. Mazzotti ◽  
Dawn R. Rowe ◽  
David W. Test
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Statewide Testing ◽  
Education Movement

Factors such as the standards-based education movement, mandated participation in statewide testing, and inclusion have forced an increased focus on improving outcomes for students with disabilities. There are many determinants of postschool success for students with disabilities; however, teachers primarily have control over only one, teaching practices and programs. As a result, it is important that teachers choose and implement practices that have proven successful for secondary students with disabilities. This article guides teachers through the process of navigating the evidence-based practice maze to identify evidence-based practices and programs for secondary students with disabilities. Particularly, it addresses the need to (a) follow a research-based framework (i.e., Kohler’s Taxonomy), (b) use practices with the best available research evidence to support effectiveness, and (c) use data-based decision making to guide use of evidence-based practices.

Evidence-Based Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-883
Author(s):  
Bonnie M. Haecker ◽  
Forrest C. Lane ◽  
Linda R. Zientek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School District ◽  
Central Office ◽  
School Level ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Central Office Administrators ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making ◽  
District Central Office

Research has explored the use of evidence-based practices within schools but less is known about evidence-based decision-making among school district central office administrators. This study explored how individual and school-level characteristics of administrators were related to the implementation of evidence-based practices. Findings suggested that administrators were more knowledgeable about evidence-based practices if they were working in districts with existing policies in place to address the use of research in decision-making. Administrators were less knowledgeable about evidence-based practices in small, rural districts.

Educator Knowledge and Preparedness for Educating Students With Autism in Public Schools

2021 ◽  
pp. 108835762198931
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hamrick ◽  
Mari Cerda ◽  
Cyndi O’Toole ◽  
Katherine Hagen-Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Instructional Practices ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Practice Gap

Use of evidence-based practices is important for the success of students in special education settings in public education. In total, 255 special educators in public education were surveyed about (a) use of instructional practices, (b) preparedness to use interventions, (c) access to training, (d) influences on decision-making, and (e) areas of need related to current roles. Results indicate a research-to-practice gap as educators reported using many practices not identified as evidence-based intervention when working with individuals with autism and intellectual disabilities. Information about access to training and the types of trainings educators were currently participating in was gathered. Educators also reported feeling inadequately prepared to use interventions.

Evidence-Based Medicine, Best Practices, Transductive Models, and Naturalistic Decision Making: Commentary on Paul R. Falzer, Naturalistic Decision Making and the Practice of Health Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brian Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Based Medicine

Expert and informed decision making is an essential process in all of health care. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) purports to support and enhance this process by the timely infusion of high-quality, pertinent evidence from health research, tailored as closely as possible to the individual and their health problem. Doing so is not an easy task for many reasons, beginning with imperfections and incompleteness in the evidence and ending with the complexities of the dual decision making required by individuals and their care providers. EBM needs a lot of help supporting decision-making processes and welcomes further interdisciplinary collaboration. The “conformist principle,” “best practice regimens,” and “transductive models” should not be considered as barriers to such collaboration: These are not part of EBM. Rather, EBM has always seen evidence from health research as but one of many inputs to decision making by providers and patients. An overarching problem for collaboration to address is understanding the decision-making process well enough to develop effective means to bolster it, so that people are consistently offered the current best options for their problems in a way that fits their circumstances and that they can understand and judge.

Towards Zero Suicide: need and opportunities to improve implementation of clinical elements for older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 103985622110540
Author(s):  
Anne Wand ◽  
Roderick McKay ◽  
Dimity Pond
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Self Harm

Objective: The Zero Suicide (ZS) framework is increasingly used in Australia, but without published adaptations for older people, and limited access by older people when implemented. The aim of this paper is to inform Towards Zero Suicide (TZS) implementations to benefit older adults by considering the key differences in older adults at risk of suicide according to each clinical component of the ZS framework. Conclusion: TZS aspires to reduce deaths by suicide for people within healthcare by refocusing interventions on suicidality rather than diagnosis alone, emphasising evidence-based practices and cultural change. For TZS to be effective for older people, it is essential to ensure practices are based upon evidence relevant to older people and to ensure ageism is effectively counteracted. Older adults have distinct patterns of help seeking and service use, accompanied by differences in risk factors, presentations, and outcomes of suicidal behaviours. Ageism affects assessment, decision-making and actions to address self-harm and suicide for older people. Immediate and longer-term actions are essential to effectively implement TZS in this population.

scholarly journals Governance in Crisis: Institutionalizing Reflective Report to Guide Decision Making Under Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Starominski-Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
National Leaders

This paper proposes a communication method to improve decision and policymaking under uncertain scenarios. The motivation for elaborating such a method is the absence of clarity, prioritization criteria and critical thinking in considerations made by the Brazilian federal government during the ongoing response to the epidemic of COVID-19 in the country. The expectation is that the implementation of this method would help national leaders more easily assess the significance of evidence-based practices and anecdata to the decisions they are urged to make under significant time and resource constraints.

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