Orchestrating innovation networks: Alignment and orchestration profile approach

There is anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of Extension and Advisory Service (EAS) agencies for strengthening innovation networks to adapt to extreme events that impact agricultural production and productivity. In Bangladesh, the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) is responsible for ensuring sustainable rice farming, which is damaged by flash flooding every year. This study investigates how EAS can strengthen farmers’ innovation networks by examining DAE’s efforts to adapt rice cultivation to flash flooding. Using surveys and interviews from farmers affiliated with DAE (DAE-farmers) and farmers independent of DAE (non-DAE farmers), the effectiveness of innovation networks was examined. One of the key findings of this paper is that DAE’s efforts to strengthen the innovation networks of farmers to adapt rice cultivation to flash flooding focused on the facilitation of the agronomic network development. The organization missed the opportunity to enable the harvesting networks’ efficacy. As the harvesting activities are highly exposed to flash flooding, the absence of adequate support from the DAE and timely updates of local weather and flash flooding information indicates that farmers are still at significant risk. This study also shows the value of including both formal (e.g., EAS agencies, research organizations) and informal actors (e.g., relatives, local input dealers) in the innovation network as a way of ensuring diversity of information access.

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The Critical Raw Materials Issue between Scarcity, Supply Risk, and Unique Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081826 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1826

Author(s):

Mihaela Girtan ◽

Antje Wittenberg ◽

Maria Luisa Grilli ◽

Daniel P. S. de Oliveira ◽

Chiara Giosuè ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scientific Community ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Innovation Networks ◽

Supply Risk ◽

European Cooperation ◽

Research And Innovation ◽

The Earth ◽

Critical Raw Materials

This editorial reports on a thorough analysis of the abundance and scarcity distribution of chemical elements and the minerals they form in the Earth, Sun, and Universe in connection with their number of neutrons and binding energy per nucleon. On one hand, understanding the elements’ formation and their specific properties related to their electronic and nucleonic structure may lead to understanding whether future solutions to replace certain elements or materials for specific technical applications are realistic. On the other hand, finding solutions to the critical availability of some of these elements is an urgent need. Even the analysis of the availability of scarce minerals from European Union sources leads to the suggestion that a wide-ranging approach is essential. These two fundamental assumptions represent also the logical approach that led the European Commission to ask for a multi-disciplinary effort from the scientific community to tackle the challenge of Critical Raw Materials. This editorial is also the story of one of the first fulcrum around which a wide network of material scientists gathered thanks to the support of the funding organization for research and innovation networks, COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).

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Management of information flow in innovation networks

First International Technology Management Conference ◽

10.1109/itmc.2011.5995973 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Avi Messica

Keyword(s):

Information Flow ◽

Innovation Networks

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Stakeholder influence on teaming and absorptive capacity in innovation networks

Creativity and Innovation Management ◽

10.1111/caim.12448 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arnold Hoosbeek ◽

Jan Vries

Keyword(s):

Absorptive Capacity ◽

Innovation Networks ◽

Stakeholder Influence

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Do Distinct Groups of Reactively and Proactively Aggressive Children Exist? A Confirmatory Latent Profile Approach

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

10.1007/s10802-021-00813-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anouk van Dijk ◽

Julie A. Hubbard ◽

Peter K. H. Deschamps ◽

Wieteke Hiemstra ◽

Hanneke Polman

Keyword(s):

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Community Sample ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Latent Profile Analyses ◽

Three Samples ◽

Aggressive Children ◽

Profile Approach ◽

Best Fit ◽

Latent Profile

AbstractThe present study examined whether there are distinct groups of children with reactive versus proactive motives for their aggressive behavior. We extended previous research by using a person-based analytical approach on data from a questionnaire assessing children’s motives independently from the severity of their aggression. Two competing hypotheses were tested. The both subtypes hypothesis holds that both reactive and proactive subtypes exist, as well as a mixed subtype. The reactive only hypothesis holds that only reactive and mixed subtypes exist. Hypotheses were tested on existing data from a community sample of children displaying aggression (Study 1: n = 228, ages 10–13, 54% boys), and two clinical samples of children with aggressive behavior problems (Study 2: n = 115, ages 8–13, 100% boys; Study 3: n = 123, ages 6–8, 78% boys). Teachers reported on children’s reactive and proactive motives. We selected measures available from peers, parents, teachers, and children themselves to compare the supported subtypes on variables that previous literature suggests uniquely correlate with reactive versus proactive aggression. Confirmatory latent profile analyses revealed that the both subtypes hypothesis best fit the data of all three samples. Most children were classified as reactive (55.7–61.8% across samples), with smaller percentages classified as proactive (10.4–24.1%) and mixed (18.0–33.9%). However, these subtypes only differed in expected directions on 7 out of 34 measures. Overall, results support the existence of both reactive and proactive subtypes of aggressive children, but the distinctiveness of these subtypes in terms of social-emotional characteristics warrants further study.

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Public research and the quality of inventions: the role and impact of entrepreneurial universities and regional network embeddedness

Small Business Economics ◽

10.1007/s11187-021-00465-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Holger Graf ◽

Matthias Menter

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽

Innovation Networks ◽

Public Research ◽

Entrepreneurial Universities ◽

Network Embeddedness ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Type Of Institution ◽

Public Sector Entrepreneurship

AbstractThe positive effect of public research on industrial innovations is beyond controversy: public research institutions produce knowledge that is subsequently transferred into product and process innovations by private businesses. Besides this rather passive role in commercializing inventions, public research institutions may also proactively exploit new knowledge through public sector entrepreneurship activities. Especially entrepreneurial universities are perceived as a conduit of knowledge spillovers; they serve as central actors of innovation networks and stimulate network activities. Whereas the linkages between network embeddedness and innovation activities have been largely explored, the determinants of patent quality in terms of radicalness, originality, and generality remain rather unclear. Considering Germany’s diverse public research infrastructure (universities, polytechnics, and non-university research institutes), our findings reveal that the type of institution and the corresponding scientific orientation (basic vs applied research) matter for the quality of inventions. The centrality of respective institutions within innovation networks reinforces the radicalness of inventions. However, we do not find support for the general assumption that an entrepreneurial orientation of public sector entities augments the quality of inventions. We conclude the paper with policy recommendations and with future avenues of research.Plain English Summary This study explores the relation between network embeddedness, scientific orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and the quality of inventions of public research. Our results imply that a basic research focus induces inventions that are more radical, and a more central network position reinforces the production of more radical, original, and general patents. In contrast, an entrepreneurial orientation does not seem to stimulate a higher quality of inventions. Our results give impetus to nuanced public sector entrepreneurship policies that take the type of institution and the optimal level of regional embeddedness into account. A sole focus on the entrepreneurial transformation of public research institutes may not be sufficient to leverage the full potential of knowledge created therein. Instead, more support and guidance for creating links with other network entities is needed along with incentives to commercialize new knowledge.

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