Investigating carbon footprint reduction potential of public transportation in United States: A system dynamics approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 1260-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolga Ercan ◽  
Nuri Cihat Onat ◽  
Omer Tatari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Carbon Footprint Reduction

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REDUCTION POTENTIAL OF SPRING BARLEY CULTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 561-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Żyłowski
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Carbon Footprint Reduction

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of spring barley cultivation to indicate the reasons for its inefficiency and assess the possibility of the carbon footprint reduction potential. Survey data from 113 farms cultivating spring barley in 2016 were used. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) input oriented models were applied to assess technical, pure technical and scale efficiency. The carbon footprint of crop cultivation and its reduction potential for inefficient farms were estimated. The Fractional Regression Model (FRM) was used to explain how farm specific variables (structural and environmental factors) influence the efficiency of spring barley cultivation. Results indicate that the improvement of spring barley cultivation technology, through the effective use of inputs, especially mineral fertilizers, could lead to a reduction in the carbon footprint of its cultivation by an average of 32%, which, in turn, leads to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 744 kg CO2e per ha. The economic size of farms, farm area, soil quality and annual rainfall significantly affect the results of technical efficiency.

America's Scientific Treasures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Cohen ◽  
Brenda H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Travel Guide ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Technological Interest

America’s Scientific Treasures is a comprehensive travel guide, designed for adults, that takes the reader to well-known and lesser-known sites of scientific and technological interest in the United States. The book is divided into nine geographical chapters. Subdivided by states, each chapter is represented by its scientific and technological treasures, including museums, arboretums, zoos, national parks, planetariums, natural or technological points of interest, and the homes of famous scientists. While the book is aimed at adults, many of the sites may also be of interest to teens and younger children. The traveler is provided with essential information, including addresses, telephone numbers, hours of entry, handicapped access, dining facilities, dates open and closed, available public transportation, and websites. Nearly every site included here has been visited by the authors. Although written with scientists in mind, this book is for anyone who likes to travel and visit places of historical and scientific interest. Included are photographs of many sites within each state.

Quality of Life and the Carbon Footprint: A Zip-Code Level Study Across the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-343
Author(s):  
Matthew Thomas Clement ◽  
Chad L. Smith ◽  
Tyler Leverenz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Zip Code

Much sustainability scholarship has examined the environmental dimensions of subjective and objective well-being. As an alternative measure of human well-being, we consider the notion of quality of life and draw on a framework from the sustainability literature to study its association with ecological impact, specifically the carbon footprint. We conduct a quantitative analysis, combining zip-code level data on quality of life and the carbon footprint per household for the year 2012 across the continental United States ( n=29,953). Findings consistently show a significant, negative association between quality of life and the carbon footprint. Our findings point to the potential advantages of utilizing robust objective measures of quality of life that extends beyond economic well-being and life expectancy alone. Furthermore, our findings question the conventional wisdom that sustainability requires sacrifices, while suggesting opportunities for how increased levels of sustainability may be achieved while retaining high levels of quality of life.

Proposing a basic methodology for developing balanced scorecard by system dynamics approach

Kybernetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Behnam Khakbaz ◽  
Nastaran Hajiheydari
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Transportation Company

Purpose – Successful future has inspired organizations to measure long-term and non-financial measurements and key performance indicators (KPIs). Kaplan and Norton proposed balanced scorecard (BSC) for this issue and have extended it to one of the most preferred strategic management system’s tools. However, available planning tools like BSC have some limitations, like dependency to the developer, weakness in showing time delays, and also mathematical relationships between lead and lag indicators. In this paper, the authors would present a new methodology for developing BSCs, which would be able to overcome these limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated framework for developing BSC with system dynamics approach (a dynamic BSC (DBSC)) which has lower limitation in compare with traditional BSC. The other purpose of this paper is developing a DBSC for an Iranian public transportation company. Design/methodology/approach – Based on this purpose, related literature was thoroughly reviewed and the proposed methodology designed using the system dynamics and BSC concepts. This methodology is a composition of original BSC development methodology and system dynamics principles. An assumed organization has been used for showing methodology’s capability and procedure. Furthermore, a case study has been accomplished in this paper. This case study is a DBSC which has been developed for an Iranian public transportation company. The purpose of this case study is to ensure about proposed methodology implication in action. Findings – The authors proposed a methodology which can be applied for developing BSCs. This methodology consists of six different steps which are: developing a system for organization, selecting stakeholders’ most important objectives and target, identifying organization’s objectives and their KPIs for different BSC aspects, developing strategy map, targeting, and selecting initiatives. In the proceeding of this paper, the proposed methodology and its steps would be explained in detail. Originality/value – The system dynamic approach has precedents in business studies; however, this research makes this approach operational in BSC designing and analysis. BSCs, which developed by this methodology can show time delays between an organization’s objectives, its KPIs’ relationship and also planning for it. Selecting achievable and rational vision and objectives’ targets, change management, scenario planning and policy analysis are other values which can be achieved by DBSC deployment which need further researches. In summary, this research has shown an integrated framework for developing DBSC and then applies it to an Iranian public transportation company. Therefore, another contribution of this paper is the application of this method for an Iranian public transportation company.

scholarly journals High Costs of Dialysis Transportation in the United States: Exploring Approaches to a More Cost-effective Delivery System

10.36469/9861 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mark Stephens ◽  
Samuel Brotherton ◽  
Stephan C. Dunning ◽  
Larry C. Emerson ◽  
David T. Gilbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Dialysis Facility ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background: The costs of transporting end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to dialysis centers are high and growing rapidly. Research has suggested that substantial cost savings could be achieved if medically appropriate transport was made available and covered by Medicare. Objectives: To estimate US dialysis transportation costs from a purchaser’s perspective, and to estimate cost savings that could be achieved if less expensive means of transport were utilized. Methods: Costs were estimated using an actuarial model. Travel distance estimates were calculated using GIS software from patient ZIP codes and dialysis facility addresses. Cost and utilization estimates were derived from fee schedules, government reports, transportation websites and peer-reviewed literature. Results: The estimated annual cost of dialysis transportation in the United States is $3.0 billion, half of which is for ambulances. Most other costs are due to transport via ambulettes, wheelchair vans and taxis. Approximately 5% of costs incurred are for private vehicle or public transportation use. If ambulance use dropped to 1% of trips from the current 5%, costs could be reduced by one-third. Conclusions: Decision-makers should consider policies to reduce ambulance use, while providing appropriate levels of care.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE USA LEGISLATION ON THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM AFTER 11 SEPTEMBER 2001

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Ефремов ◽  
Andrey Efremov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Patriot Act ◽  
Transportation Security ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
The Usa

The article is devoted to development of the USA legislation on the fight against terrorism. The author considered the objectives and tasks of the state in a particular historical period; analyzed the laws passed by the USA Congress aimed at combating home and international terrorism; identifies the main directions of the state policy of the USA in the field of counter-terrorism. The article covers the events after 11 September 2001 to the present. The author gives a brief overview of the events of 11 September 2001, discusses the Patriot Act and other laws, aimed at combating terrorism. The Patriot Act allows the Federal Bureau of Investigation to intercept telephone, verbally and electronic communications relating to terrorism, computer and mail fraud; introduces special measures to combat money-laundering; expands immigration rules, in particular, mandatory requirement of detention of persons suspected of terrorism appeared; reveals the procedure of multilateral cooperation to combat terrorism, strengthening measures to investigate terrorist crimes; established rewards for information on terrorism; introduces the procedure of identification of DNA of persons charged for committing terrorist crimes or any violent crime; introduced the concept of domestic terrorism and Federal crimes of terrorism, the prohibition on harboring terrorists and material support; there is a new crime — terrorist and other acts of violence against public transportation systems. The law abolished for the statute of limitations for crimes of terrorist orientation. In 2002 5 laws wer adopted: “Homeland Security Act of 2002”, “Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002”, “Aviation and Transportation Security Act“, “Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002”, “Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002”. The Palestinian Anti-Terrorism Act was adopted in 2006. This law restricted the financial assistance to the Palestinian national authority; Haqqani Network Terrorist Designation Act of 2012 included the Haqqani Network in the list of international terrorist organizations; the political act of refusal of admission to the United States representative to the United Nations, because he was accused of the occupation of the espionage or terrorist activities against the United States and poses a threat to the national security interests of the United States.

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