Configurable Hardware Core for IoT Object Detection

Object detection is an important task for many applications, like transportation, security, and medical applications. Many of these applications are needed on edge devices to make local decisions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide low-cost, fast solutions for object detection. This work proposes a configurable hardware core on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for object detection. The configurability of the core allows its deployment on target devices with diverse hardware resources. The object detection accelerator is based on YOLO, for its good accuracy at moderate computational complexity. The solution was applied to the design of a core to accelerate the Tiny-YOLOv3, based on a CNN developed for constrained environments. However, it can be applied to other YOLO versions. The core was integrated into a full system-on-chip solution and tested with the COCO dataset. It achieved a performance from 7 to 14 FPS in a low-cost ZYNQ7020 FPGA, depending on the quantization, with an accuracy reduction from 2.1 to 1.4 points of mAP50.

Security Theatre

This chapter investigates the Kafkaesque procedures involved in data-driven airport security. It considers the experience of a passenger who keeps being selected for a special security check. While waiting in line for the security check, he has a conversation with another passenger who had been suffering the same drama for four years. The passenger recounts how he has been trying to find a way to get off the list, but the Transportation Security Administration officers do not seem to know why a passenger is on it. Moreover, there is no process to get off it. A man told the passenger once that not even the people that programmed the system know why a person is selected; they do not know what the critical data points are because the system self-learns.

THE CONCEPT OF JURISDICTION IN THE AIR: TO WHAT EXTENT CAN IT BE UPHELD AGAINST UNRULY PASSENGERS IN INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT?

ABSTRACT Jurisdiction is essential for statehood along with the right to prescribe and enforce laws. Unruly behaviour may threaten air transportation security and safety, including the passenger safety, disrupts other passengers and crew causing delays and diversions. But due to loopholes on the existing laws, and lack of choice of jurisdiction, such offenses often remain unpunished. This article aims to seek the best role that Indonesia should take to implement its jurisdiction on aircrafts in international flights and to protect its citizens in international flight. It provides an overview and analysis of existing international and Indonesian legal instruments in handling unruly passengers and to support extended jurisdiction choices so unruly passengers and other related criminal activities can be regulated and punished as necessary to ensure the safety and security, including the Chicago Convention 1944 and the Annex 17 on Security, The Tokyo Convention 1963 and the Montreal Protocol 2014. Keywords: Air Law, Aviation, Aviation Security, Jurisdiction, Unruly Passengers ABSTRAK Esensi dari yurisdiksi penting bagi negara dalam menjalankan dan menegakan hukum. Perilaku tidak tertib dapat mengancam keamanan dan keselamatan transportasi udara, dimana di dalamnya terdapat unsur keselamatan penumpang, gangguan terhadap awak dan penumpang lainnya, serta dapat mengakibatkan keterlambatan dan diversi. Namun demikian, dengan adanya celah dalam hukum dan peraturan, serta minimnya pilihan yurisdiksi, tindakan tersebut sering tidak dikenakan hukuman. Artikel ini bertujuan mencari peran terbaik yang harus diambil Indonesia, dalam mengimplementasi yurisdiksinya di pesawat dan melindungi warga negaranya dalam penerbangan internasional. Artikel ini memberikan tinjauan umum dan analisis instrumen hukum Internasional dan hukum Indonesia yang menangani penumpang yang sulit diatur, termasuk di dalamnya Konvensi Chicago 1944 dan Annex 17 tentang Keamanan,Konvensi Tokyo 1963 dan Protokol Montreal 2014 . Kata Kunci: Aviasi, Hukum Udara, Keamanan Penerbangan, Penumpang yang Sulit Diatur, Yurisdiksi

Urban Social Waste and Urban Solid Waste in Brazil: Problems, Consequences and Possible Solutions

Brazil is a country of continental dimensions, with a surface area of 8,510,296km2 , which is distributed among 26 federal states and a federal district. However, due to an extremely unequal income distribution, one of the major social problems that the country still faces is urban segregation, experienced by a large part of its almost 212 million inhabitants, who still find severe problems with housing, public transportation, security, health, employment, education and infrastructure, especially with regard tothe process of collecting and the treatment of waste generated. In the case of solid urban waste (SUW), approximately 190,000tons are produced daily, which implies a per capita production rate of 0.90kg(inhab.day)-1. Of the total generated, a fraction greater than 90% (w/w) is collected and, of this fraction, a percentage of 25% is still disposed of in open dumps, generating environmental impacts of different magnitudes. In addition, of the quantity of SUW generated in Brazil, about 55% (w/w) corresponds to putrescible organic matter, which could be fully used as an alternative source of energy (methane gas, for example), which normally does not occur. In these terms, Brazil becomes a country with strong social, economic and public health problems, and with regard to basic sanitation, there are still great demands, especially when considering the collection and treatment of the various types of waste generated.

Empirical Analysis on the Relationship Between Tertiary Industry Structure and Economic Growth Based on Multiple Regression — A Case Study of Henan Province

The role of the tertiary industry in economic development is more and more obvious. This paper, taking Henan Province as an example, explores the relationship between the internal structure of the tertiary industry and economic growth by building a multiple regression model. The study found that total retail sales of consumer goods and freight transportation volume have significant impact on economic growth. Henan Province should create a good consumption environment, continue to play the role of consumption driving economic growth. At the same time, the authority should give full play to geographical advantages, pay attention to the construction of transportation infrastructure, and provide transportation security for economic development.