Energy use and retrofitting potential of heat pumps in cold climate hotels

Abstract Because of the complexity of modern buildings—with many interconnected materials, components, and systems—fully electrifying buildings will require targeted R&D and efficient coordination across those material, component, and system levels. Because buildings that consume the smallest amount of energy are easier to electrify, energy efficiency is a crucial step toward fully electrified buildings. Materials advances will play an important role in both reducing the energy intensity of buildings and electrifying their remaining energy use. Materials are currently being explored, discovered, synthesized, evaluated, optimized, and implemented across many building components, including solid-state lighting; dynamic windows and opaque envelopes; cold climate heat pumps; thermal energy storage; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC); refrigeration; non-vapor compression HVAC; and more. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art of materials for various buildings end uses and discuss R&D challenges and opportunities for both efficiency and electrification. Graphical abstract

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Simulation based assessment on representativeness of a new performance rating procedure for cold climate air source heat pumps

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202124606004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 06004

Author(s):

Alex Lachance ◽

Justin Tamasauskas ◽

Stéphanie Breton ◽

Solange Prud’homme

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Coefficient Of Performance ◽

Performance Rating ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Current Test ◽

Wide Range

Cold climate air-to-air heat pumps (CCHP) offer a strong potential for energy use reductions in Canadian homes. Proper selection of the unit is critical in order to take advantage of the improved efficiency and increased heat capacity at low ambient temperatures and ability to modulate to meet a wide range of heating loads. A new performance rating procedure (CSA EXP07) was developed to better represent the seasonal energy efficiency of CCHP systems versus current test procedures that do not always accurately characterize the response to dynamic loads in a colder climate zones, thus resulting in inaccurate equipment rating. To validate the representativeness of the new performance rating procedure and quantify the potential over-or underestimation of energy savings using current performance rating procedures, a CCHP data-driven model is developed and simulated in a code-compliant single-detached Canadian home for different climate regions: Marine, Cold-Humid, Cold-Dry, Very-Cold and Subarctic. These energy models then serve as the basis for comparing the seasonal heating coefficient of performance of a CCHP system, which can be compared to the current and newly proposed performance rating procedure.

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Effect of Heat Demand on Integration of Urban Large-Scale Renewable Schemes—Case of Helsinki City (60 °N)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13092164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2164

Author(s):

Vahid Arabzadeh ◽

Peter D. Lund

Keyword(s):

Wind Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy System ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Population Increase ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Heat Demand

Heat demand dominates the final energy use in northern cities. This study examines how changes in heat demand may affect solutions for zero-emission energy systems, energy system flexibility with variable renewable electricity production, and the use of existing energy systems for deep decarbonization. Helsinki city (60 °N) in the year 2050 is used as a case for the analysis. The future district heating demand is estimated considering activity-driven factors such as population increase, raising the ambient temperature, and building energy efficiency improvements. The effect of the heat demand on energy system transition is investigated through two scenarios. The BIO-GAS scenario employs emission-free gas technologies, bio-boilers and heat pumps. The WIND scenario is based on large-scale wind power with power-to-heat conversion, heat pumps, and bio-boilers. The BIO-GAS scenario combined with a low heat demand profile (−12% from 2018 level) yields 16% lower yearly costs compared to a business-as-usual higher heat demand. In the WIND-scenario, improving the lower heat demand in 2050 could save the annual system 6–13% in terms of cost, depending on the scale of wind power.

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Operating Experiences with an Advanced Fabric Energy Storage System

Construction Economics and Building ◽

10.5130/ajceb.v4i2.2926 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.J Fuller

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Energy Use ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Research Literature ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Operational Mode ◽

University Campus ◽

Track Record ◽

Australian Climate

Despite their proven track record in the cold climate countries of northern Europe, there are no reports in the research literature of experiences using advanced fabric energy storage (FES) systems in countries where cooling rather than heating is the main priority. This paper reports some of the experiences with the first known advanced FES system in Australia made over the first full calendar year of operation. It is located in a three-storey building on a university campus in Victoria and has been in operation since mid-2002. Temperature, energy use and operational mode data were recorded during 2003. Airflow measurements through the FES system have been made in five areas of the building. On-going operating problems still exist with the system and this has prevented a conclusive evaluation of its suitability for the southern Australian climate.

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Performance analysis of liquid flooded compression with regeneration for cold climate heat pumps

International Journal of Refrigeration ◽

10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.04.017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 50-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj ◽

James E. Braun ◽

Eckhard A. Groll ◽

W. Travis Horton

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Cold Climate

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Economic feasibility of heat pumps in distillation to reduce energy use

Applied Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.06.013 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (5-6) ◽

pp. 1216-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Eduardo Díez ◽

Paul Langston ◽

Gabriel Ovejero ◽

M. Dolores Romero

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Economic Feasibility

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Current Advances in Ejector Modeling, Experimentation and Applications for Refrigeration and Heat Pumps. Part 1: Single-Phase Ejectors

Inventions ◽

10.3390/inventions4010015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zine Aidoun ◽

Khaled Ameur ◽

Mehdi Falsafioon ◽

Messaoud Badache

Keyword(s):

Energy Use ◽

Single Phase ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Compressible Fluids ◽

Thermally Activated ◽

Temperature Heat ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Experimental Approaches ◽

And Performance ◽

Efficient Energy Use

Ejectors used in refrigeration systems as entrainment and compression components or expanders, alone or in combination with other equipment devices, have gained renewed interest from the scientific community as a means of low temperature heat recovery and more efficient energy use. This paper summarizes the main findings and trends, in the area of heat-driven ejectors and ejector-based machines, using low boiling point working fluids, which were reported in the literature for a number of promising applications. An overall view of such systems is provided by discussing the ejector physics principles, as well as a review of the main developments in ejectors over the last few years. Recent achievements on thermally activated ejectors for single-phase compressible fluids are the main focus in this part of the review. Aspects related to their design, operation, theoretical and experimental approaches employed, analysis of the complex interacting phenomena taking place within the device, and performance are highlighted. Conventional and improved ejector refrigeration cycles are discussed. Some cycles of interest employing ejectors alone or boosted combinations are presented and their potential applications are indicated.

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