The roles of group membership and social exclusion in children’s testimonial learning

Abstract In four studies, we addressed whether group membership influences behavioral and neural responses to the social exclusion of others. Participants played a modified three-player Cyberball game (Studies 1–3) or a team-selection task (Study 4) in the absence or presence of a minimal group setting. In the absence of a minimal group, when one player excluded another player, participants actively included the excluded target. When the excluder was from the in-group and the excluded player from the out-group, participants were less likely to intervene (Studies 1–3) and also more often went along with the exclusion (Study 4). Functional magnetic resonance imaging results (Study 3) showed that greater exclusion in the minimal group setting concurred with increased activation in the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex, a region associated with overriding cognitive conflict. Self-reports from Study 4 supported these results by showing that participants’ responses to the target’s exclusion were motivated by group membership as well as participants’ general aversion to exclude others. Together, the findings suggest that when people witness social exclusion, group membership triggers a motivational conflict between favoring the in-group and including the out-group target. This underscores the importance of group composition for understanding the dynamics of social exclusion.

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The endearing pain: Group value enhances positivity towards ostracisers

10.31234/osf.io/35src ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Carl Philipp ◽

Eric John Vanman ◽

Ottmar Lipp ◽

Aarti Iyer

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Group Membership ◽

Pain Group

Victims of social exclusion are highly motivated to regain feelings of social connectedness.Some theories suggest that victims of exclusion should prefer inclusive or novel others and derogate the perpetrators of exclusion. Yet, no studies have explored the mechanisms that alter person preferences following exclusion. In two experiments we found that excluded people selectively evaluate ostracisers based on the ostracisers’ group membership. Excluded people who valued an ingroup membership evaluated ostracisers from that group more positively than includers from the same group. Ostracisers from an ingroup were also more positively evaluated than ostracisers from another group. These studies show that victims of exclusion do not universally devalue excluders. In fact, the findings indicate that exclusion endears victims to ingroup malefactors.

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Social Exclusion Based on Group Membership is a Form of Prejudice

Advances in Child Development and Behavior - Equity and Justice in Developmental Science: Implications for Young People, Families, and Communities ◽

10.1016/bs.acdb.2016.04.004 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 103-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shelby Cooley ◽

Laura Elenbaas ◽

Melanie Killen

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion ◽

Group Membership

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Mapping Social Exclusion in India

10.1017/cbo9781107296947 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion

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The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.3.245 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luigi Leonori ◽

Manuel Muñoz ◽

Carmelo Vázquez ◽

José J. Vázquez ◽

Mary Fe Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

European Union ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Outcome Evaluation ◽

World Federation ◽

The European Union ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Homeless Mentally Ill ◽

The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

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Does the Name-Race Implicit Association Test Measure Racial Prejudice?

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000093 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽

Han L. J. van der Maas ◽

Eric-Jan Wagenmakers

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Model ◽

Implicit Association Test ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Group Membership ◽

Racial Prejudice ◽

Decision Time ◽

Association Test ◽

Implicit Association ◽

Model Decomposition ◽

Test Measure

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An alternative explanation is that the result is due to differences in in-group/out-group membership. In this study, we conducted three different IATs: one with same-race Dutch names versus racially charged Moroccan names; one with same-race Dutch names versus racially neutral Finnish names; and one with Moroccan names versus Finnish names. Results showed equivalent effects for the Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Finnish IATs, but no effect for the Finnish-Moroccan IAT. This suggests that the name-race IAT-effect is not due to racial prejudice. A diffusion model decomposition indicated that the IAT-effects were caused by changes in speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and non-decision time.

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