scholarly journals In-group and out-group membership mediates anterior cingulate activation to social exclusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austen Krill
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Anterior Cingulate

The Effects of Group Membership on College Students’ Social Exclusion of Peers and Bystander Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-37
Author(s):  
Hope Forbes ◽  
Abigail M. Stark ◽  
Sarah W. Hopkins ◽  
Gary D. Fireman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Bystander Behavior

scholarly journals Selective suppression of rapid eye movement sleep increases next-day negative affect and amygdala responses to social exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Glosemeyer ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann ◽  
Werner Cassel ◽  
Karl Kesper ◽  
Ulrich Koehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

Abstract Healthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, cognitive reappraisal (CRA) of emotions, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that, on the morning following sleep suppression, REMS increases general negative affect, enhances amygdala responses and alters its functional connectivity with anterior cingulate cortex during passively experienced experimental social exclusion. However, we did not find effects of REMS on subjective emotional ratings in response to social exclusion, their regulation using CRA, nor on functional amygdala connectivity while participants employed CRA. Our study supports the notion that REM sleep is important for affective processes, but emphasizes the need for future research to systematically investigate how REMS impacts different domains of affective experience and their neural correlates, in both healthy and (sub-)clinical populations.

Emotional and Cognitive Consequences of Social Rejection: An Entry Door to Major Depression

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Fossati ◽  
Sophie Hinfray ◽  
Anna Fall ◽  
Cédric Lemogne ◽  
Jean-Yves Rotge
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Homeostatic System

Interpersonal factors are strong predictors of the onset and course of major depression. However, the biological and neural bases of interpersonal difficulties in major depression are unknown. In this chapter we describe a general homeostatic system that monitors the social acceptance of individuals. We show that this system is activated in response to actual or putative threats to social acceptance and signals of social rejection. Our model describes a cascade of cognitive, emotional, and behavioural consequences of social exclusion. The model emphasizes the role of specific regions—the subgenual anterior cingulate, the insula, and the default mode network—in the detection and regulation of social signals. Hence we propose that major depressive disorder is tightly linked to the processing of social exclusion and may represent a specific impairment in the homeostatic system that monitors social acceptance.

scholarly journals Jumping on the ‘bad’wagon? How group membership influences responses to the social exclusion of others

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan Lelieveld ◽  
Lasana T Harris ◽  
Lotte F van Dillen
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Game Studies ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Minimal Group ◽  
Team Selection ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Target

Abstract In four studies, we addressed whether group membership influences behavioral and neural responses to the social exclusion of others. Participants played a modified three-player Cyberball game (Studies 1–3) or a team-selection task (Study 4) in the absence or presence of a minimal group setting. In the absence of a minimal group, when one player excluded another player, participants actively included the excluded target. When the excluder was from the in-group and the excluded player from the out-group, participants were less likely to intervene (Studies 1–3) and also more often went along with the exclusion (Study 4). Functional magnetic resonance imaging results (Study 3) showed that greater exclusion in the minimal group setting concurred with increased activation in the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex, a region associated with overriding cognitive conflict. Self-reports from Study 4 supported these results by showing that participants’ responses to the target’s exclusion were motivated by group membership as well as participants’ general aversion to exclude others. Together, the findings suggest that when people witness social exclusion, group membership triggers a motivational conflict between favoring the in-group and including the out-group target. This underscores the importance of group composition for understanding the dynamics of social exclusion.

scholarly journals Social support modulates the neural correlates underlying social exclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Morese ◽  
Claus Lamm ◽  
Francesca Marina Bosco ◽  
Maria Consuelo Valentini ◽  
Giorgia Silani
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Behavior Understanding ◽  
Appraisal Support

Abstract Ostracism threatens the human need for social interactions, with negative consequences on cognition, affect and behavior. Understanding the mechanisms that can alleviate these consequences has therefore become an important research agenda. In this study, we used behavioral and fMRI measures to advance our understanding how social support can buffer the negative effects of social exclusion. We focused on two different types of support from a friend: emotional support, conveyed by gentle touch and appraisal support, implemented as informative text messages. Seventy-one female participants underwent fMRI scanning while playing a virtual ball-tossing game in the course of which they were excluded. Two consecutive runs of the game were separated according to the participant’s experimental condition (appraisal support, emotional support and no support). Results showed that the experience of social exclusion is modulated by the type of support received. Specifically, emotional support decreased negative emotions and anterior insula activity, while appraisal support increased negative emotions, with concomitant increase of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and decrease of temporal-parietal junction activity. These divergent effects of social support point to the necessity to characterize whether and under which conditions it represents an effective and positive resource to alleviate the negative consequences of social exclusion.

scholarly journals The endearing pain: Group value enhances positivity towards ostracisers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carl Philipp ◽  
Eric John Vanman ◽  
Ottmar Lipp ◽  
Aarti Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Pain Group

Victims of social exclusion are highly motivated to regain feelings of social connectedness.Some theories suggest that victims of exclusion should prefer inclusive or novel others and derogate the perpetrators of exclusion. Yet, no studies have explored the mechanisms that alter person preferences following exclusion. In two experiments we found that excluded people selectively evaluate ostracisers based on the ostracisers’ group membership. Excluded people who valued an ingroup membership evaluated ostracisers from that group more positively than includers from the same group. Ostracisers from an ingroup were also more positively evaluated than ostracisers from another group. These studies show that victims of exclusion do not universally devalue excluders. In fact, the findings indicate that exclusion endears victims to ingroup malefactors.

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