Nickel foam as a new material for chlortetracycline electrochemical oxidation: Biodegradability improvement and biological treatment

Attempts were made in this study to examine the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum (Al) anode and stainless steel net cathode combined with electrochemical oxidation with a β-PbO2 anode or a mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode for treatment of papermaking tobacco sheet wastewater, which has the characteristics of high content of suspended solids (SS), intensive color, and low biodegradability. The wastewater was first subjected to the EC process under 40 mA/cm2 of current density, 2.5 g/L of NaCl, and maintaining the original pH of wastewater. After 6 minutes of EC process, the effluent was further treated by electrochemical oxidation. The results revealed that the removal of SS during the EC process was very beneficial to mass transfer of organics during electrochemical oxidation. After the combined process, 83.9% and 82.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal could be achieved on the β-PbO2 and MMO anodes, respectively. The main components of the final effluent were biodegradable organic acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and hexahyl carbonic acid; the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) ratio increased from 0.06 to 0.85 (Al + β-PbO2) or 0.80 (Al + MMO). Therefore, this integrated process is a promising alternative for pretreatment of papermaking tobacco sheet wastewater prior to biological treatment.

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Direct electrochemical oxidation of a pesticide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, at the surface of a graphite felt electrode: Biodegradability improvement

Comptes Rendus Chimie ◽

10.1016/j.crci.2014.05.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jean-Marie Fontmorin ◽

Florence Fourcade ◽

Florence Geneste ◽

Isabelle Soutrel ◽

Didier Floner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Graphite Felt ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Biodegradability Improvement

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Electrochemical oxidation of quinoline aqueous solution on β-PbO2 anode and the evolution of phytotoxicity on duckweed

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.053 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (8) ◽

pp. 1820-1829 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiangjuan Ma ◽

Lixia Bian ◽

Jingfeng Ding ◽

Yaping Wu ◽

Huilong Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Biological Treatment ◽

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Ring Cleavage ◽

Electrochemical Degradation ◽

Simple Method ◽

Pbo2 Electrode ◽

Pbo2 Anode

Electrochemical oxidation of quinoline on a β-PbO2 electrode modified with fluoride resin and the comprehensive toxicity of intermediates formed during oxidation on duckweed were investigated in detail. The results showed that quinoline was initially hydroxylated at the C-2 and C-8 positions by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) electro-generated on a β-PbO2 anode, yielding 2(1H)-quinolinone and 8-hydroxyquinoline, then undergoing ring cleavage to form pyridine, nicotinic acid, pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and acetophenone, which were ultimately converted to biodegradable organic acids. NO3− was the final form of quinoline-N. The growth of duckweed exposed to the oxidized quinoline solution was gradually inhibited with the decrease in pH and the formation of intermediates. However, the growth inhibition of duckweed could be eliminated beyond 120 min of oxidation, indicating the comprehensive toxicity of the quinoline solution reduced when the amount of quinoline removed was above 80%. Additionally, the adjustment of the pH to 7.5 and the addition of nutrients to the treated quinoline solution before culturing duckweed could obviously alleviate the inhibition on duckweed. Thus, partial electrochemical degradation of quinoline offers a cost-effective and clean alternative for pretreatment of wastewater containing nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds before biological treatment. The duckweed test presents a simple method for assessing the comprehensive toxicity of intermediates.

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Hollow mesoporous nickel dendrites grown on porous nickel foam for electrochemical oxidation of urea

Electrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 304 ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mao-Sung Wu ◽

Yi-Jhan Sie ◽

Shi-Bao Yang

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Nickel Foam ◽

Porous Nickel

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Characterization of a monolayer graphitic structure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100171535 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 760-761

Author(s):

X. Lin ◽

X. K. Wang ◽

V. P. Dravid ◽

J. B. Ketterson ◽

R. P. H. Chang

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Single Layer ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Graphitic Structure ◽

Positive Gaussian Curvature ◽

Graphitic Sheet ◽

Structural And Electronic Properties ◽

New Material ◽

Hexagonal Network

For small curvatures of a graphitic sheet, carbon atoms can maintain their preferred sp2 bonding while allowing the sheet to have various three-dimensional geometries, which may have exotic structural and electronic properties. In addition the fivefold rings will lead to a positive Gaussian curvature in the hexagonal network, and the sevenfold rings cause a negative one. By combining these sevenfold and fivefold rings with sixfold rings, it is possible to construct complicated carbon sp2 networks. Because it is much easier to introduce pentagons and heptagons into the single-layer hexagonal network than into the multilayer network, the complicated morphologies would be more common in the single-layer graphite structures. In this contribution, we report the observation and characterization of a new material of monolayer graphitic structure by electron diffraction, HREM, EELS.The synthesis process used in this study is reported early. We utilized a composite anode of graphite and copper for arc evaporation in helium.

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Cross-sectional TEM specimen preparation from magneto-optical disk by ultramicrotomy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100147028 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 236-237

Author(s):

F. Shaapur ◽

M.J. Kim ◽

Seh Kwang Lee ◽

Soon Gwang Kim

Keyword(s):

System Development ◽

Thin Foil ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Material System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Layers ◽

New Material ◽

Diamond Saw ◽

Original Production ◽

Thick Medium

TEM characterization and microanalysis of the recording media is crucial and complementary to new material system development as well as quality control applications. Due to the type of material generally used for supporting the medium, i.e., a polymer, conventional macro- and microthinning procedures for thin foil preparation are not applicable. Ultramicrotorny (UM) is a viable option and has been employed in previous similar studies. In this work UM has been used for preparation of XTEM samples from a magneto-optical (MO) recording medium in its original production format.The as-received material system consisted of a 4-layer, 2100 Å thick medium including a 300 Å TbFeCo layer enveloped by silicon nitride protective layers supported on a 1.2 mm thick × 135 mm (5.25 in.) diameter polycarbonate disk. Recording tracks had an approximate pitch of 1.6 μm separated by 800 Å deep peripheral grooves. Using a Buehler Isomet low-speed diamond saw, 1 mm wide and 20 mm long strips were cut out of the disk along the recording tracks.

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The Case of Thematic Tests Adapted to Older Adults

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000015 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 46-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Benoît Verdon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Older Persons ◽

Older Men ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Mental Processes ◽

Men And Women ◽

Projective Tests ◽

New Material ◽

Older Men And Women ◽

Latent Content

Since the 1950s, the growing interest of clinicians in using projective tests to study normal or pathological aging processes has led to the creation of several thematic tests for older adults. This development reflects their authors’ belief that the TAT is not suitable to the concerns and anxieties of elderly persons. The new material thus refers explicitly to situations related to age; it aims to enable older persons to express needs they cannot verbalize during consultations. The psychodynamic approach to thematic testing is based on the differentiation between the pictures’ manifest and latent content, eliciting responses linked to mental processes and issues the respondent is unaware of. The cards do not necessarily have to show aging characters to elicit identification: The situations shown in the pictures are linked to loss, rivalry, helplessness, and renunciation, all issues elderly respondents can identify with and that lead them to express their mental fragilities and resources. The article first explains the principles underlying four of these thematic tests, then develops several examples of stories told for card 3BM of the TAT, thus showing the effectiveness of this tool for the understanding and differentiation of loss-related issues facing older men and women.

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