Filter media depth and its effect on the efficiency of Household Slow Sand Filter in continuous flow

Organochlorine pesticide is one of the pesticide that has high persistency and toxic. One of the attempt to degrade organochlorine pesticide using cheaper and easier way is using the slow sand filter technology. The research aimed to test the slow sand filter and to obtain the best filter media combination for degrading organochlorine pesticide. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticide and Toxicology, Laboratory of Plant Protection Biotechnology and Laboratory of Chemical and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculutre, Padjadjaran Univeristy from December 2016 – May 2017. The experimental design used the observative and descriptive design with 8 treatments and repeated twice. P1 (activated carbon and gravel), P2 (sand and gravel), P3 (silica sand and gravel), P4 (activated carbon and zeolite), P5 (sand and zeolite), P6 (silica sand and zeolite), P7 (activated carbon, silica sand and zeolite), P8 (activated carbon, sand and gravel). The result showed that all treatments of slow sand filter were able to degrade organochlorine pesticide and the best filter media combination was from P7 with ability to degrade the pesticide level by 82,86%.Key words: slow sand filter, activated carbon, silica sand, sand, gravel, zeolite

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EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA FILTER DALAM MENURUNKAN TSS DAN LOGAM Fe PADA AIR SUMUR GALI

Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) ◽

10.20527/jukung.v5i2.7313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Euis Nurul Hidayah ◽

Shofi Nasyi'atul Hikmah ◽

Muhammad Firdaus Kamal

Keyword(s):

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Well Water ◽

Filter Media ◽

Screening Process ◽

Sand Filter ◽

Percentage Decrease ◽

Slow Sand Filter ◽

The Media

Masyarakat Desa Tambak Rejo, Kecamatan Waru, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, masih mengunakan air sumur sebagai kebutuhan sehari-hari. Air sumur perlu dilakukan pengolahan agar layak dikonsumsi dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis media melalui proses filtrasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pengaruh jenis media terhadap penurunan TSS dan logam Fe yang terkandung pada air sumur gali dengan single media filter. Reaktor yang digunakan yaitu slow sand filter dengan aliran down flow kecepatan 0,4 m/jam. Parameter yang diuji adalah Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan logam Fe. Variasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu jenis dan ketinggian media filter. Media yang digunakan yaitu pecahan gerabah, pasir bancar, dan manganese greensand dengan ketinggian media 20 dan 30 cm. Sampel yang digunakan adalah air sumur gali daerah Tambak Rejo, Waru Sidoarjo. Analisis TSS dengan metode Gravimetri dan Fe dengan Spektrofotometri. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan media pasir bancar mampu bekerja lebih baik daripada media yang lainnya. Persentase penurunan konsentrasi TSS pada ketinggian 20 dan 30 cm sebesar 76,92% dan 80,00% dan penurunan konsentrasi Fe pada ketinggian 20 dan 30 cm sebesar 80,00% dan 84,19%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa variasi jenis dan ketinggian media berpengaruh terhadap penurunan konsentrasi TSS dan Fe. Air yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi baku mutu air bersih sehingga aman untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Fe, pasir bancar, pecahan gerabah, manganese greensand, total suspended solidThe citizen of Tambak Rejo Village, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency, still use well water as their daily activities. Well water needs to be processed so that it is suitable for consumption by using various types of media through the screening process. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the type of media in decrease TSS and Fe contained in well water dug with a single media filter. The reactor used is a slow sand filter with a downflow speed of 0.4 m/hour. The parameters tested were Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Fe. Variations in this study are the type and height of the filter media. The media used are pottery fragments, bancar sand, and manganese greensand with media heights of 20 and 30 cm. The sample used was well water dug in the area of Tambak Rejo Village, Waru District, Sidoarjo Regency. TSS analysis with Gravimetric and Fe methods with Spectrophotometry. The results obtained show that bancar sand media is able to work better than other media. The percentage decrease in TSS concentration at the height of 20 and 30 cm was 76.92% and 80.00% and a decrease in Fe concentration at the height of 20 and 30 cm was 80.00% and 84.19%.This shows that variations in the type and height of the media influence the decrease in TSS and Fe concentrations. The water produced meets the quality standards of clean water so it is safe to meet daily activities. Keywords: Fe, bancar sand, pottery fragments, manganese greensand, total suspended solid

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Characterization of Particles in Slow Sand Filtration at North Caribou Water Treatment Plant

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2003.010 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 153-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Beata Gorczyca ◽

David London

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Plant Design ◽

Raw Water ◽

Filter Media ◽

Sand Filters ◽

Sand Filter ◽

Particle Counter ◽

Filter Performance ◽

Slow Sand Filter

Abstract Microscopic analysis of particles in water can indicate the size of filter media required, and can be used to monitor filter performance. This study investigated a malfunctioning slow sand filter in a water treatment facility on a First Nations community in Northern Ontario. There has been a boil-water advisory in the community due to high turbidity in the drinking water since the plant was put into operation. Also, the slow sand filters in the plant clog frequently resulting in outflow volumes significantly below the plant design capacity. On-line particle counts and microscopic analysis of water were conducted in the plant at various points before and after the slow sand filters. Microscopic analysis of the slow sand filter effluent showed that the high water turbidity was due to an increased concentration of particles smaller than 2 µm in size. This observation could not have been made with the particle counter data alone, as it is not capable of measuring particles of that size. Visual inspection of microscopic images of these small particles indicated that they were being washed out from the filter media, and did not originate from the raw water. Significant numbers of large filter-clogging diatoms (up to 50 µm in size) were identified under the microscope; yet, the particle counter did not report particles larger than 15 µm in raw water supply. Turbidimeters and particle counters were found to be unable to identify these diatoms, due to the transparent nature of the cell walls of these microorganisms. It is likely that most of these diatoms originated from sediment accumulated in the raw water intake pipe.

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Performance of geotextile-based slow sand filter media in removing total coli for drinking water treatment using system dynamics modelling

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04967 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. e04967

Author(s):

Nurina Fitriani ◽

Maritha Nilam Kusuma ◽

Budisantoso Wirjodirdjo ◽

Wahyono Hadi ◽

Joni Hermana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

System Dynamics ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Filter Media ◽

Sand Filter ◽

System Dynamics Modelling ◽

Slow Sand Filter ◽

Dynamics Modelling

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Application of roughing filter to pre-treat 1,000 NTU raw water for slow sand filter

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2019.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 355-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuichi Hashimoto ◽

Hiroshi Takashima ◽

Somasundaram Jayamohan

Keyword(s):

Filtration Rate ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Raw Water ◽

Filter Media ◽

Sand Filter ◽

Treated Water ◽

Slow Sand Filter ◽

High Turbidity ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

One Year

Abstract It was confirmed experimentally that a Roughing Filter (RF) is effective as a pre-treatment system for Slow Sand Filter (SSF) with coagulant dosing and mixing with raw water. This RF system can pre-treat high turbidity raw water (1,000 NTU) to generate low turbidity (10 NTU) pre-treated water for SSF treatment. In the experiment, the types of filter media, height of the filter media, filtration rate and coagulant dosing were varied and the characteristics of each item were evaluated and the design guidelines were formulated. Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) consisting of pre-treatment with RF followed by SSF to treat river water were designed and constructed in Myanmar based on the design guidelines, and the operational performance was confirmed as effective to generate treated water with a turbidity under 5 NTU, which is in compliance with the WHO guideline despite the rather short working period of about one year. Sand scraping of SSF at a frequency of about once in every one to two months was implemented to maintain the design filtration rate.

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EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN MEDIA GEOTEKSTIL PADA SARINGAN PASIR LAMBAT TERHADAP PENYISIHAN PARAMETER KEKERUHAN, JUMLAH COLI DAN COD

Jurnal Teknosains ◽

10.22146/teknosains.31917 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Yustika Kusumawardani ◽

Widi Astuti

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Flow System ◽

Surface Structures ◽

Raw Water ◽

Sand Filters ◽

Turbidity Removal ◽

Sand Filter ◽

Slow Sand Filter ◽

The Media ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Slow sand filter processing is done by separating raw contaminant water which is passed slowly on sand. Fluctuating raw water quality resulted in the schmutzdecke layer not growing optimally. Therefore, it is needed media that help the performance of the sand filter. One of the media used is geotextile. The geotextile is useful as a medium to optimize the growth of microorganisms in the schmutzdecke layer. Geotextiles have similar surface structures such as sand filters as well as their pores. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adding geotextiles in reducing turbidity parameters, number of coli and COD. This study used slow sand filter reactor with a continuous flow system of 0.3 m3 / m2.jam for 7 days. Based on the research, the addition of geotextile media is quite effective and can improve the performance of slow sand filter. Percentage of turbidity removal reached 94.27%, coli 99.40% and COD 92.85%. COD values tend to be dynamic as raw water conditions. Geotextiles is quite helpful in growing a layer of schmutzdecke because the structure resembles sand so as to increase the number of bacteria bed filters.

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Study on Re-Using Media from Iron and Manganese Biological Removal Filter for Defluoridation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1472 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 113-116 ◽

pp. 1472-1475

Author(s):

Xing Guan Ma ◽

Tie Shan Ming ◽

Wei Cui ◽

Jin Xiang Fu ◽

Zhi Xiao Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Contact Time ◽

Column Experiment ◽

Langmuir Equation ◽

Fluoride Removal ◽

Practical Application ◽

Filter Media ◽

Sand Filter ◽

Biological Removal ◽

Iron And Manganese

The filter media from iron and manganese biological removal filter which w- as replaced by new termly can be re-used. The sand filter media was characterized u- sing the SEM and owns developed interspaces. Drying the sand filter media at 110°C, then inspect and analyse its character and mode of defluoridation。The results show as follows. Under the test condition ,the adsorption balance can come out in about 3 hou-rs , the fluoride sorption on the re-used matured filter media followed pseudo-second kinetics. The effect of defluoridation by the matured filter media will be better within the range of pH 3~7, and best at about pH 4.58. The primary mode of fluoride sorpti- on is chemism, but physical sorption is also in existence , and the adsorption isother- ms could be described by Langmuir equation. Contact-time is a vary important factor in the continuous-flow column experiment. The effect of fluoride removal is long，as the height of filter column is controlled as 40cm.The filter media from iron and manga- nese biological removal filter possess potential of perfect sorbent, space for deeply study and foreground of practical application.

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