Biofuels and biorefineries: Development, application and future perspectives emphasizing the environmental and economic aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 113268
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif Shahid ◽  
Ayesha Batool ◽  
Ayesha Kashif ◽  
Muhammad Haq Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
E. G. Rightor

Core edge spectroscopy methods are versatile tools for investigating a wide variety of materials. They can be used to probe the electronic states of materials in bulk solids, on surfaces, or in the gas phase. This family of methods involves promoting an inner shell (core) electron to an excited state and recording either the primary excitation or secondary decay of the excited state. The techniques are complimentary and have different strengths and limitations for studying challenging aspects of materials. The need to identify components in polymers or polymer blends at high spatial resolution has driven development, application, and integration of results from several of these methods.


Author(s):  
Minu Mathew ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Rout

This review details the fundamentals, working principles and recent developments of Schottky junctions based on 2D materials to emphasize their improved gas sensing properties including low working temperature, high sensitivity, and selectivity.


2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (0) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goossens D. ◽  
Jonkers D. ◽  
Stobberingh E. ◽  
A. van den Bogaard ◽  
Russel M. ◽  
...  
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