Partial Union of Acute Scaphoid Fractures

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. SINGH ◽  
D. FORWARD ◽  
T. R. C. DAVIS ◽  
J. S. DAWSON ◽  
J. A. ONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Fracture Union ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Wrist Function ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Plaster Immobilization

Sixty-six patients with acute scaphoid fractures were treated non-operatively in a below elbow plaster for 8 to 12 weeks and underwent CT scans along the longitudinal axis of the scaphoid at 12 to 18 weeks. These scans showed that 14 fractures had not united and that 30 had united throughout the whole cross-section of the scaphoid. The other 22 had partially united with bridging trabeculae in some areas of the cross-section. These 22 partial unions were graded as 0% to 24% union (0 cases), 25% to 49% union (5 cases), 50% to 74% union (7 cases), and 75% to 99% union (10 cases). The 12 patients who had less than 75% fracture union were followed-up further and nine underwent another CT scan at 23 to 40 weeks after the initial injury. These showed union across the whole of the cross-section of the fracture in seven cases and 75% to 99% union in the other two cases, who had full and painless wrist function. We conclude that partial union of the scaphoid is a common occurrence but, in most cases, it progresses to full union without the need for prolonged plaster immobilization.

Displaced scaphoid waist fractures: the use of a week 4 CT scan to predict the likelihood of union with nonoperative treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Amirfeyz ◽  
A. Bebbington ◽  
N. D. Downing ◽  
J. A. Oni ◽  
T. R. C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Fracture Union

This study assessed whether nonunion of displaced scaphoid waist fractures with nonoperative treatment could be predicted from 4 week CT scans. Thirty-one patients with unilateral displaced scaphoid waist fractures and adequate follow-up were included. CT scans in the longitudinal axis of the scaphoid with sagittal and coronal slices were done 4 weeks after the index injury. The effects of fracture gap, sclerosis and bone resorption on union were assessed. Fracture union was observed in all 13 displaced fractures with a <2 mm gap, four of the seven with a gap of 2–3 mm and only four of the 11 with a gap >3 mm ( p = 0.01). Bone resorption involving more than 50% of the fracture cross-section was also associated with nonunion, but sclerosis was not.

Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Scaphoid after Fracture Union

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. FILAN ◽  
T. J. HERBERT
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Scaphoid Fracture ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Femoral Neck Fractures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fracture Union ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Both Bones ◽  
Plaster Immobilization

We report four cases of late avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal part of the scaphoid following apparent healing of acute scaphoid fractures. One patient had been treated conservatively, by plaster immobilization, and the other three had undergone internal fixation of their acute fractures. The onset of symptoms associated with AVN varied, being as late as 2 years in one patient. Late AVN following healing of a scaphoid fracture does not appear to have been previously recognized, perhaps due to the fact that patients are seldom followed up for long enough. We feel that this condition is in many ways analogous to late AVN following femoral neck fractures and as such is a special complication related to the fact that both bones are intracapsular and have a precarious blood supply.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Diversity and evolution of stem structure in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Priscila Bispo de Almeida Cardoso Marcondes ◽  
Rafael Trevisan ◽  
Maria Cecilia de Chiara Moço ◽  
Cleusa Bona
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Air Gaps ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Stem Structure

Abstract Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) includes more than 300 species of perennial or annual herbs, frequently found on poorly drained soils. The species are morphologicaly similar, and the taxonomy is difficult because their vegetative and reproductive structures are very reduced. Previous study on the stem architecture in the subgenus Limnochloa showed that anatomical features help in the interpretation of the evolution, taxonomy and ecological aspects of the group. Our objectives were to add new characters from the stem (= culm) structure, to explore the characters in a greater number of Eleocharis species, representatives of the other subgenera, and add these data in a new phylogenetic analysis with molecular data. The study covered 68 species obtained from herbaria and fixed material. In addition to the stem architecture, the internal organization of the tissues, the cross-section format, the presence or absence of stretched cells in aerenchyma air gaps and the plant size were included in the morphological analysis. Our data confirm that spongy aerenchyma pattern is the ancestral condition while the mixed and septate patterns occurred independent and punctually. Only the cross-section format was variable among specimens while the other characters were uniform and relevant for taxonomic use.

The Bakerian lecture.— On the forms of equipotential curves and surfaces and on lines of flow

1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Outer Boundary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curves And Surfaces ◽  
Conducting Wire ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
The One

When any portion of a conducting-wire which joins the two poles of a voltaic battei'y is increased in size, the resistance of the circuit is diminished and a greater current flows through the wire ; and as any increase in the cross section of any portion of the wire causes a corre­sponding increase in the current, it is clear that there is no part of the conducting-wire through which some portion of the current does not flow from the one pole to the other; and the outer boundary of such a wire will be a line of flow. A line of flow is a line drawn in a conductor which indicates at every point of it the direction of the current at that point. A portion of the conductor completely enclosed by lines of flow may be termed a tube of flow.

DISTRIBUTION OF ELEMENTS IN HUMAN SPINAL CORD

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAE YUKAWA ◽  
T. KOBAYASHI ◽  
Y. QIU ◽  
N. KAMEDA ◽  
Y. ITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Lumbar Level ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
The Cross

The distribution of elements in human spinal cord was investigated on unfixed frozen cord material using PIXE technique. Distribution of Cu, Zn and Fe were not uniform in the cross section of the spinal cord and concentrations of these elements were higher in the anterior gray horn than in the other areas, while K and Cl distributed uniformly. The content of K changed along the spinsl cord from the cervical to the lumbar level. These findings are discussed in relation to current understanding of the physiology of the spinal cord.

scholarly journals GENERAL CASE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ROD ELEMENTS CALCULATION USING THE DIAGRAM METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
O.V. RADAYKIN ◽  
◽  
L.S. SABITOV ◽  
L.SH. AKHTYAMOVA ◽  
T.P. ARAKCHEEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Three Components

In SP 63.13330 the general calculation case for the diagram method is oblique off-center compression, which takes into account only three components of internal force factors in the cross section: the longitudinal force-Nz – and two bending moments relative to the corresponding axes – Mx and My. The other three components-the QX and Qy transfer forces and the MZ torque – are left out of consideration. In addition, for this case, the search in the available literature, including the founders of the diagram method, for the output of calculation formulas was not successful – in all sources they are given in ready-made form without evidence. This article is intended to try to fill in these gaps. For this purpose, based on the expressions for rod displacements that are generally accepted in mechanics, in particular on the Mora integral of displacements, the resolving expressions of the diagram method are obtained in the most general form.

The Shock Tube

1954 ◽  
Vol 58 (524) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Henshall
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
The Cross

In recent years interest has been revived in an apparatus which was first developed more than fifty years ago. This apparatus, which is known today as a shock tube, is a very useful research tool, the versatility of which is not generally appreciated in this country. In this paper the author attempts to give a clear physical description of the flow in a shock tube and a review of the problems which may be investigated by means of this apparatus.Basically, a shock tube consists of a simple fabricated duct which may be closed or open at one end, and closed at the other end. A diaphragm divides this duct into two compartments which initially contain gases at different pressures. In a conventional shock tube the cross-section is constant, the ends are closed, and air is used on both sides of the diaphragm (Fig. 1).

Early CT for suspected occult scaphoid fractures

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Stevenson ◽  
D. Morley ◽  
S. Srivastava ◽  
C. Willard ◽  
I. G. Bhoora
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Therapeutic Decision ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
Occult Fractures ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making ◽  
Plaster Immobilization

In this study, the use of computed tomography (CT) early in the management of suspected occult scaphoid fractures was evaluated. We retrospectively reviewed the notes and radiology of patients who had scaphoid CT scans over the preceding 3 years. Eighty-four patients that had CT scans within 14 days from injury were identified. Of the CT scans, 64% ( n = 54) excluded a fracture and these patients were promptly mobilized. No patients returned with any complications from this management. Overall, 36% of CT scans were abnormal ( n = 30), 7% revealed occult scaphoid fractures, 18% revealed occult carpal fractures of the triquetrum, capitate, and lunate, respectively, and 5% revealed distal radius fractures. All patients diagnosed with fractures were successfully managed with plaster immobilization and there was one case of complex regional pain syndrome. Early CT alters therapeutic decision making in suspected occult fractures preventing unnecessary immobilization in a working population without increase in cost.

scholarly journals ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURES MADE OF CURVED RODS

2008 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGES GRISO
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Variational Problem ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
A Priori Estimates ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linearized Elasticity ◽  
Curved Rods ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Linearized Elasticity System

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of a structure made of curved rods of thickness 2δ when δ tends to 0. This study is carried on within the frame of linear elasticity by using the unfolding method. It is based on several decompositions of the structure displacements and on the passing to the limit in fixed domains. We show that any displacement of a structure is the sum of an elementary rods-structure displacement (e.r.s.d.) concerning the rods' cross sections and a residual one related to the deformation of the cross section. The e.r.s.d. coincides with rigid body displacements in the junctions. Any e.r.s.d. is given by two functions belonging to [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the skeleton structure (i.e. the set of rods with middle lines). One of this function [Formula: see text] is the skeleton displacement, the other [Formula: see text] gives the cross section rotation. We show that [Formula: see text] is the sum of an extensional displacement and an inextensional one. We establish a priori estimates and then, we characterize the unfolded limits of the rods-structure displacements. Eventually, we pass to the limit in the linearized elasticity system and using all results in [6], where on one hand, we obtain a variational problem that is satisfied by the limit extensional displacement, and on the other hand, a variational problem coupling the limit of inextensional displacement and the limit of the rod torsion angles.

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