scholarly journals Applicability of open rainfall data to event-scale urban rainfall-runoff modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero J. Niemi ◽  
Lassi Warsta ◽  
Maija Taka ◽  
Brandon Hickman ◽  
Seppo Pulkkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Urban Rainfall Runoff

scholarly journals Intra-Storm Pattern Recognition through Fuzzy Clustering

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Vantas ◽  
Epaminondas Sidiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Runoff Modeling ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

The identification and recognition of temporal rainfall patterns is important and useful not only for climatological studies, but mainly for supporting rainfall–runoff modeling and water resources management. Clustering techniques applied to rainfall data provide meaningful ways for producing concise and inclusive pattern classifications. In this paper, a timeseries of rainfall data coming from the Greek National Bank of Hydrological and Meteorological Information are delineated to independent rainstorms and subjected to cluster analysis, in order to identify and extract representative patterns. The computational process is a custom-developed, domain-specific algorithm that produces temporal rainfall patterns using common characteristics from the data via fuzzy clustering in which (a) every storm may belong to more than one cluster, allowing for some equivocation in the data, (b) the number of the clusters is not assumed known a priori but is determined solely from the data and, finally, (c) intra-storm and seasonal temporal distribution patterns are produced. Traditional classification methods include prior empirical knowledge, while the proposed method is fully unsupervised, not presupposing any external elements and giving results superior to the former.

scholarly journals Rainfall-runoff relationships at event scale in western Mediterranean ephemeral streams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Serrano-Notivoli ◽  
Alberto Martínez-Salvador ◽  
Rafael García-Lorenzo ◽  
David Espín-Sánchez ◽  
Carmelo Conesa-García
Keyword(s):  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Ephemeral Streams ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Flow Generation ◽  
Terrain Characteristics

Abstract. Ephemeral streams are highly dependent on rainfall and terrain characteristics and, therefore, very sensitive to minor changes in these environments. Western Mediterranean area exhibits a highly irregular precipitation regime with a great variety of rainfall events driving the flow generation on intermittent watercourses, and future climate change scenarios depict a lower magnitude and higher intensity of precipitation in this area, potentially leading to severe changes in flows. We explored the rainfall-runoff relationships in two semiarid watersheds in southern Spain (Algeciras and Upper Mula) to model the different types of rainfall events required to generate new flow in both intermittent streams. We used a nonlinear approach through Generalized Additive Models at event scale in terms of magnitude, duration, and intensity, contextualizing resulting thresholds in a long-term perspective through the calculation of return periods. Results showed that the average ~ 1.2-day and <1.5 mm event was not enough to create new flows. At least a 4-day event ranging from 4 to 20 mm, depending on the watershed was needed to ensure new flow at a high probability (95 %). While these thresholds represented low return periods (from 4 to 10 years), the great irregularity of annual precipitation and rainfall characteristics, makes prediction highly uncertain. Almost a third part of the rainfall events resulted in similar or lower flow than previous day, emphasizing the importance of lithological and terrain characteristics that lead to differences in flow generation between the watersheds.

scholarly journals Application of NEXRAD Radar-Based Quantitative Precipitation Estimations for Hydrologic Simulation Using ArcPy and HEC Software

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Younghyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Hydrologic Simulation ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Recent availability of various spatial data, especially for gridded rainfall amounts, provide a great opportunity in hydrological modeling of spatially distributed rainfall–runoff analysis. In order to support this advantage using gridded precipitation in hydrological application, (1) two main Python script programs for the following three steps of radar-based rainfall data processing were developed for Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Stage III products: conversion of the XMRG format (binary to ASCII) files, geo-referencing (re-projection) with ASCII file in ArcGIS, and DSS file generation using HEC-GridUtil (existing program); (2) eight Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) models of ModClark and SCS Unit Hydrograph transform methods for rainfall–runoff flow simulations using both spatially distributed radar-based and basin-averaged lumped gauged rainfall were respectively developed; and (3) three storm event simulations including a model performance test, calibration, and validation were conducted. For the results, both models have relatively high statistical evaluation values (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency—ENS 0.55–0.98 for ModClark and 0.65–0.93 for SCS UH), but it was found that the spatially distributed rainfall data-based model (ModClark) gives a better fit regarding observed streamflow for the two study basins (Cedar Creek and South Fork) in the USA, showing less requirements to calibrate the model with initial parameter values. Thus, the programs and methods developed in this research possibly reduce the difficulties of radar-based rainfall data processing (not only NEXRAD but also other gridded precipitation datasets—i.e., satellite-based data, etc.) and provide efficiency for HEC-HMS hydrologic process application in spatially distributed rainfall–runoff simulations.

Effect of rainfall data errors on the optimized values of model parameters

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
WC Boughton ◽  
FT Sefe
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Data Errors ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Runoff Model

The rainfall input to a rainfall-runoff model was arbitrarily increased and decreased in order to determine the magnitude of corresponding changes in optimized values of the model parameters. The optimized capacities of moisture stores representing surface storage capacity of a catchment changed by average amounts of +24% and -20% as rainfall input was changed by +10% and -10%, respectively. Values of other parameters showed changes of similar magnitude, but there was no uniformity in the magnitude of induced changes from catchment to catchment. The results cast doubt on the validity of relating optimized values of model parameters to physical characteristics of catchments.

Driving factors of non-linearity rainfall-runoff relationships at different time scales in small Mediterranean-climate catchments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Fortesa ◽  
Jérôme Latron ◽  
Julián García-Comendador ◽  
Miquel Tomàs-Burguera ◽  
Jaume Company ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Annual Scale

&lt;p&gt;The complexity of Mediterranean fluvial systems is caused by the multiple temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between the natural and human-induced abiotic and biotic variables. Accordingly, Mediterranean rivers are characterized by a large heterogeneity in hydrological regimes promoting significant temporal and spatial differences in the hydrological response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research investigates the non-linearity in the rainfall-runoff relationship at multiple temporal scales to achieve a better understanding of the hydrological response in representative small Mediterranean-climate catchments (i.e., &lt; 10 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Rainfall-runoff was evaluated at annual and event scales. At annual scale, data from 43 catchments were collected to assess the influence of lithology on runoff response. At event scale, 203 events from 12 catchments were classified according to (a) seasonal occurrence (autumn, winter, spring or summer), (b) pervious or impervious lithology and (c) main land use (agricultural, agroforestry, forest or shrub). Besides, the inter- and intra-annual variability of the rainfall-runoff and the temporal downscaling (i.e., annual to event scale) was studied in Es Fangar Creek catchment (3.35 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; Mallorca, Spain) during five hydrological years (2012-2017).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The assessment of rainfall-runoff relationships at annual scale in small Mediterranean-climate catchments showed a strong linearity in the hydrological response due to the importance of the annual rainfall amount. However, lithology effects on runoff generation explained an increase of the scattering in these relationships because pervious and impervious materials triggered larger and lower runoff contribution respectively. Although the significant correlation between rainfall and runoff, Es Fangar Creek dataset illustrated a huge intra-annual variability of the rainfall-runoff relationship as seasonal rainfall and evapotranspiration dynamics controlled the runoff response. These dynamics were observed in the average seasonal runoff coefficients, decreasing from winter to summer. These differences should be considered as a starting point of the non-linearity generation in the rainfall-runoff relationships at event scale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At event scale, lineal and non-lineal performances were observed in the rainfall-runoff relationships in small Mediterranean-climate catchments suggesting that different factors conditioned the runoff response. Total rainfall was the most significant driver factor although the interaction between seasonality and the spatial diversity of lithology and land uses at catchment scale also played an important role on runoff generation. Thus, the highest correlations at seasonal scale were observed in those events occurred in winter and spring when the highest water reserves favoured the runoff response. Lithology caused higher dispersion in rainfall-runoff relationships at event scale in the set of small Mediterranean-climate catchments because pervious materials required higher antecedent wetness conditions. Agricultural land uses promoted the highest runoff generation.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These findings will improve the comprehension of hydrological processes as the temporal downscaling of rainfall-runoff linked to the driven factors with the linearity and non-linearity knowledge is needed for accuracy and precision into hydrological modelling at event scale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work was supported by the research project CGL2017-88200-R &amp;#8220;Functional hydrological and sediment connectivity at Mediterranean catchments: global change scenarios &amp;#8211;MEDhyCON2&amp;#8221; funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Spanish Agency of Research (AEI) and the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF).&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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