High-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium causing invasive infection: Twelve-year surveillance in the Minami Ibaraki Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanako Osuka ◽  
Jun Nakajima ◽  
Tsuyoshi Oishi ◽  
Yasunori Funayama ◽  
Tsugio Ebihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Distribution of aminoglycoside resistance genes in recent clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus avium

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. KOBAYASHI ◽  
MD. MAHBUB ALAM ◽  
Y. NISHIMOTO ◽  
S. URASAWA ◽  
N. UEHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Level

Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) are major factors which confer aminoglycoside resistance on bacteria. Distribution of genes encoding seven AMEs was investigated by multiplex PCR for 279 recent clinical isolates of enterococci derived from a university hospital in Japan. The aac(6′)-aph(2″), which is related to high level gentamicin resistance, was detected at higher frequency in Enterococcus faecalis (42·5 %) than in Enterococcus faecium (4·3 %). Almost half of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates possessed ant(6)-Ia and aph(3′)-IIIa. The profile of AME gene(s) detected most frequently in individual strains of E. faecalis was aac(6′)-aph(2″)+ant(6)-Ia+aph(3′)-IIIa, and isolates with this profile showed high level resistance to both gentamicin and streptomycin. In contrast, AME gene profiles of aac(6′)-Ii+ant(6)-Ia+aph(3′)-IIIa, followed by aac(6′)-Ii alone, were predominant in E. faecium. Only one AME gene profile of ant(6)-Ia+aph(3′)-IIIa was found in Enterococcus avium. The ant(4′)-Ia and ant(9)-Ia, which have been known to be distributed mostly among Staphylococcus aureus strains, were detected in a few enterococcal strains. An AME gene aph(2″)-Ic was not detected in any isolates of the three enterococcal species. These findings indicated a variety of distribution profiles of AME genes among enterococci in our study site.

scholarly journals Factors influencing determination of high-level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Sahm ◽  
S Boonlayangoor ◽  
P C Iwen ◽  
J L Baade ◽  
G L Woods
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Level

Evaluation of Modified MicroScan Screening Tests for High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis

1993 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Nolte ◽  
Janis M. Williams ◽  
Kathyrn L. Maher ◽  
Everly Metchock
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis and Outpatient Treatment: A Systematic Review of Current Alternatives

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Laura Herrera-Hidalgo ◽  
Arístides de Alarcón ◽  
Luis E. López-Cortes ◽  
Rafael Luque-Márquez ◽  
Luis F. López-Cortes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Continuation Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

The selection of the best alternative for Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis (IE) continuation treatment in the outpatient setting is still challenging. Three databases were searched, reporting antibiotic therapies against E. faecalis IE in or suitable for the outpatient setting. Articles the results of which were identified by species and treatment regimen were included. The quality of the studies was assessed accordingly with the study design. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively. In total, 18 studies were included. The treatment regimens reported were classified regarding the main antibiotic used as regimen, based on Aminoglycosides, dual β-lactam, teicoplanin, daptomycin or dalbavancin or oral therapy. The regimens based on aminoglycosides and dual β-lactam combinations are the treatment alternatives which gather more evidence regarding their efficacy. Dual β-lactam is the preferred option for high level aminoglycoside resistance strains, and for to its reduced nephrotoxicity, while its adaptation to the outpatient setting has been poorly documented. Less evidence supports the remaining alternatives, but many of them have been successfully adapted to outpatient care. Teicoplanin and dalbavancin as well as oral therapy seem promising. Our work provides an extensive examination of the potential alternatives to E. faecalis IE useful for outpatient care. However, the insufficient evidence hampers the attempt to give a general recommendation.

Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from Cecal Contents in Broiler Chicken and Turkey Flocks Slaughtered in Canada and Plasmid Colocalization of tetO and ermB Genes

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
CINDY-LOVE TREMBLAY ◽  
ANN LETELLIER ◽  
SYLVAIN QUESSY ◽  
MARTINE BOULIANNE ◽  
DANIELLE DAIGNAULT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

This study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants and investigate plasmid colocalization of tetracycline and macrolide genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from broiler chicken and turkey flocks in Canada. A total of 387 E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates were recovered from poultry cecal contents from five processing plants. The percentages of resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively, were 88.1 and 94% to bacitracin, 0 and 0.9% to chloramphenicol, 0.7 and 14.5% to ciprofloxacin, 72.6 and 80.3% to erythromycin, 3.7 and 41% to flavomycin, 9.6 and 4.3% (high-level resistance) to gentamicin, 25.2 and 17.1% (high-level resistance) to kanamycin, 100 and 94% to lincomycin, 0 and 0% to linezolid, 2.6 and 20.5% to nitrofurantoin, 3 and 27.4% to penicillin, 98.5 and 89.7% to quinupristin-dalfopristin, 7 and 12.8% to salinomycin, 46.7 and 38.5% (high-level resistance) to streptomycin, 95.6 and 89.7% to tetracycline, 73 and 75.2% to tylosin, and 0 and 0% to vancomycin. One predominant multidrug-resistant phenotypic pattern was identified in both E. faecalis and E. faecium (bacitracin, erythromycin, lincomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline, and tylosin). These isolates were further examined by PCR and sequencing for the genes encoding their antimicrobial resistance. Various combinations of vatD, vatE, bcrR, bcrA, bcrB, bcrD, ermB, msrC, linB, tetM, and tetO genes were detected, and ermB, tetM, and bcrB were the most common antimicrobial resistance genes identified. For the first time, plasmid extraction and hybridization revealed colocalization of tetO and ermB genes on a ca. 11-kb plasmid in E. faecalis isolates, and filter mating experiments demonstrated its transferability. Results indicate that the intestinal enterococci of healthy poultry, which can contaminate poultry meat at slaughter, could be a reservoir for quinupristin-dalfopristin, bacitracin, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance genes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, isolated from blood culture of patients with hematological malignancies during different study periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
A. V. Fedorova ◽  
G. A. Klyasova ◽  
I. N. Frolova ◽  
S. A. Khrulnova ◽  
A. V. Vetokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
High Level

Objective: to determine antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from blood culture of hematological patients during different study periods.Materials and methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp., collected as part of the multicenter study was tested by the broth microdilution method (USA Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), 2018), to daptomycin by Etest (bioMeriéux, France). High-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) and high-level streptomycin resistance (HLSR) was performed by the agar dilution method (CLSI (Oxoid, UK), 2018).Results. The susceptibility of 366 E. faecium (157 in 2002-2009 and 209 in 2010-2017) and 86 E. faecalis (44 in 20022009 and 42 in 2010-2017) was studied. In the second study period (2010-2017) the rise of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VREF) increased from 8.3 % to 23.4 % (p = 0.0001), and two linezolid-resistant (LREF) were identified. All VREF and LREF remained susceptible to daptomycin and tigecycline. The rate of susceptible to tetracycline E. faecium remained the same (73.9 and 74.6 %), and an increase in susceptibility to chloramphenicol (74.5 and 82.3 %) was observed. Susceptibility of E. faecium to tetracycline was detected with almost the same rate and in a part of isolates, the increase of susceptibility to chloramphenicol was registered during the analyzed periods. The rise of E. faecium susceptible to HLGR and HLSR has increased significantly in 2010-2017 compared to 2002-2009. Erythromycin, levofloxacin, ampicillin and penicillin had the least activity against E. faecium (less than 5 %).All E. faecalis were susceptible to tigecycline, linezolid, and teicoplanin. Only one of E. faecalis had intermediate resistance to vancomycin. High susceptibility to ampicillin in E. faecalis remained unchanged (97.7 and 97.6 %, respectively). In the second period of the study the rise of susceptible E. faecalis decreased significantly to penicillin (from 97.7 % to 76.2 %), to levofloxacin (from 59.1 % to 31 %), to HLSR (from 52.3 % до 31 %), and to HLGR (from 47.7 % to 26.2 %), remained unchanged to chloramphenicol (52.3 % and 50 %) and was minimal to erythromycin and tetracycline.Conclusion. The study demonstrated higher rates of antibiotic resistance among E. faecium, which consisted of an increase in VREF and the appearance of linezolid-resistant strains. High susceptibility to ampicillin remained in E. faecalis, but there was an increase in resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides.

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