400 Isomerization of urocanic acid by ultraviolet radiation and its role in modulation of skin microbiome, antimicrobial peptides, and immune function

At birth, human infants are poised to survive in harsh, hostile conditions. An understanding of the state of newborn skin development and maturation is key to the maintenance of health, optimum response to injury, healing and disease. The observational study collected full-thickness newborn skin samples from 27 infants at surgery and compared them to skin samples from 43 adult sites protected from ultraviolet radiation exposure, as the standard for stable, mature skin. Transcriptomics profiling and gene set enrichment analysis were performed. Statistical analysis established over 25,000 differentially regulated probe sets, representing 10,647 distinct genes, in infant skin compared to adult skin. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a significant increase in 143 biological processes (adjusted p < 0.01) in infant skin, versus adult skin samples, including extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, cell adhesion, collagen fibril organization and fatty acid metabolic process. ECM organization and ECM structure organization were the biological processes in infant skin with the lowest adjusted P-value. Genes involving epidermal development, immune function, cell differentiation, and hair cycle were overexpressed in adults, representing 101 significantly enriched biological processes (adjusted p < 0.01). The processes with the highest significant difference were skin and epidermal development, e.g., keratinocyte differentiation, keratinization and cornification intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization and hair cycle. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes also involved immune function, including antigen processing and presentation. When compared to ultraviolet radiation-protected adult skin, our results provide essential insight into infant skin and its ability to support the newborn’s preparedness to survive and flourish, despite the infant’s new environment laden with microbes, high oxygen tension and potential irritants. This fundamental knowledge is expected to guide strategies to protect and preserve the features of unperturbed, young skin.

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YOGURT; A NOVEL EXCIPIENT (WITH ITS LYSED BACTERIA, AMINO ACIDS, VITAMINS, FATTY ACIDS, AND MINERALS) FOR “TOPICAL DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS” AND FOR “SKIN MICROBIOTA”

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i3.36704 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 94-99

Author(s):

M. ORHAN VAIZOGLU

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Stratum Corneum ◽

Human Body ◽

Conventional Therapy ◽

Starter Cultures ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Research Groups ◽

Skin Microbiota

In recent years various Microbiomes (Skin, Gut Lumen) of the human body have attracted the attention of different research groups. In the meantime it has been shown that the conventional therapy of different diseases by making use of antibiotics and similar antibacterial treatments may disturb the harmony of the Skin Microbiome, resulting in dysbiosis. There are efforts of using “live” or “tyndallized (lysed)” probiotics in order to treat different diseases of the skin. It is also known that amino acids are one of the important key elements of the skin. In this paper, a hypothesis for the utilization of yogurt as an excipient for various topical dermatological products will be proposed. Yogurt contains significant amounts of; Probiotics (starter cultures), Amino Acids, Vitamins, Minerals and various Fatty Acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated). Besides, it has been shown that Antimicrobial Peptides (Bacteriocins) are also present in yogurt. Yogurt could eventually be used as an excipient for the production of various topical dermatological products in order to deliver some of the above-mentioned constituents to the Stratum Corneum (Skin) locally.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ultraviolet radiation, both UVA and UVB, influences the composition of the skin microbiome.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.734570834.793554185 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Knobler

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Skin Microbiome

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Ultraviolet Radiation Affects the Immune System

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.71.1.129 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

JOHN A. PARRISH

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Immune Function ◽

Antigen Processing ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Contact Sensitization ◽

Spleen Cells ◽

Nonionizing Radiation

Photoimmunology is the study of the effects of nonionizing radiation on normal and abnormal immune function. Photoimmunology is therefore an intersection of photobiology, dermatology, and immunology. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) definitely can affect the immune system. Scattered reports about effects of UVR on lymphocytes have been available for years, but it is only recently that systematic studies have shown that circulating and noncirculating components of the immune system can be selectively altered by ultraviolet radiation of intact normal skin. Effects are not confined to irradiated skin but are also systemic; for example, exposure of normal skin of animals to UVR inhibits contact sensitization of unexposed skin and diminished antigen processing by spleen cells.

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