591 Ultraviolet radiation alters the skin microbiome composition

Infectious diseases have serious impacts on human and wildlife populations, but the effects of a disease can vary, even among individuals or populations of the same host species. Identifying the reasons for this variation is key to understanding disease dynamics and mitigating infectious disease impacts, but disentangling cause and correlation during natural outbreaks is extremely challenging. This study aims to understand associations between symbiotic bacterial communities and an infectious disease, and examines multiple host populations before or after pathogen invasion to infer likely causal links. The results show that symbiotic bacteria are linked to fundamentally different outcomes of pathogen infection: host–pathogen coexistence (endemic infection) or host population extirpation (epidemic infection). Diversity and composition of skin-associated bacteria differed between populations of the frog, Rana sierrae , that coexist with or were extirpated by the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Data from multiple populations sampled before or after pathogen invasion were used to infer cause and effect in the relationship between the fungal pathogen and symbiotic bacteria. Among host populations, variation in the composition of the skin microbiome was most strongly predicted by pathogen infection severity, even in analyses where the outcome of infection did not vary. This result suggests that pathogen infection shapes variation in the skin microbiome across host populations that coexist with or are driven to extirpation by the pathogen. By contrast, microbiome richness was largely unaffected by pathogen infection intensity, but was strongly predicted by geographical region of the host population, indicating the importance of environmental or host genetic factors in shaping microbiome richness. Thus, while both richness and composition of the microbiome differed between endemic and epidemic host populations, the underlying causes are most likely different: pathogen infection appears to shape microbiome composition, while microbiome richness was less sensitive to pathogen-induced disturbance. Because higher richness was correlated with host persistence in the presence of Bd, and richness appeared relatively stable to Bd infection, microbiome richness may contribute to disease resistance, although the latter remains to be directly tested.

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Weight Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Results of a Prospective Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-264310/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fardou H. Heida ◽

Elisabeth M. W. Kooi ◽

Josef Wagner ◽

Thi-Yen Nguyen ◽

Jan B. F. Hulscher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Term Infants ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Mode Of Birth ◽

Postconceptional Age ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Microbiome Development

Abstract Background: The intestinal microbiome in preterm infants differs markedly from term infants. It is unclear whether the microbiome develops over time according to infant specific factors. Methods: We analysed (clinical) metadata - to identify the main factors influencing the microbiome composition development - and the first meconium and feacal samples til the 4th week via 16S rRNA amplican sequencing. Results: We included 41 infants (gestational age 25-30 weeks; birth weight 430-990g. Birth via Caesarean section (CS) was associated with placental insufficiency during pregnancy and lower BW. In meconium and in weeks 2 and 3 an increased combined abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides (maternal fecal representatives) was associated with vaginal delivery (p=0.021, p=0.0002, p=0.028, respectively) while Staphylococcus (skin microbiome representative) was associated with CS (p=0.0008, p=0.0003 p=0.046, respectively). Secondly, irrespective of the week of sampling or the mode of birth, a transition was observed as children children gradually increased in weight from a microbiome dominated by Staphylococcus (Bacilli) towards a microbiome dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Conclusions: Mode of delivery affects the meconium microbiome composition. It also suggests that the weight of the infant at the time of sampling is a better predictor for the stage of progression of the intestinal microbiome development/maturation than postconceptional age.

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Surveying the sweetpotato rhizosphere, endophyte, and surrounding soil microbiomes at two North Carolina farms reveals underpinnings of sweetpotato microbiome community assembly

10.1101/758359 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

C Pepe-Ranney ◽

C Keyser ◽

J Trimble ◽

B Bissinger

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Community Assembly ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Sequence Variant ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Surrounding Soil

AbstractFarmers grow sweetpotatoes worldwide and some sub-Saharan African and Asian diets include sweetpotato as a staple, yet the sweetpotato microbiome is conspicuously less studied relative to crops such as maize, soybean, and wheat. Studying sweetpotato microbiome ecology may reveal paths to engineer the microbiome to improve sweetpotato yield, and/or combat sweetpotato pests and diseases. We sampled sweetpotatoes and surrounding soil from two North Carolina farms. We took samples from sweetpotato fields under two different land management regimes, conventional and organic, and collected two sweetpotato cultivars, ‘Beauregard’ and ‘Covington’. By comparing SSU rRNA gene amplicon sequence profiles from sweetpotato storage root skin, rhizosphere, and surrounding soil we found the skin microbiome possessed the least composition heterogeneity among samples and lowest alpha-diversity and was significantly nested by the rhizosphere in amplicon sequence variant (ASV) membership. Many ASVs were specific to a single field and/or only found in either the skin, rhizosphere, or surrounding soil. Notably, sweetpotato skin enriched for Planctomycetaceae in relative abundance at both farms. This study elucidates underpinnings of sweetpotato microbiome community assembly, quantifies microbiome composition variance within a single farm, and reveals microorganisms associated with sweetpotato skin that belong to common but uncultured soil phylotypes.

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Moving microbes: the dynamics of transient microbial residence on human skin

10.1101/586008 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Roo Vandegrift ◽

Ashkaan K. Fahimipour ◽

Mario Muscarella ◽

Ashley C. Bateman ◽

Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Transient Effects ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Short Term ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Short Time ◽

Lower Biomass

AbstractThe human skin microbiome interacts intimately with human health, yet the drivers of skin microbiome composition and diversity are not well-understood. The composition of the skin microbiome has been characterized as both highly variable and relatively stable, depending on the time scale under consideration, and it is not clear what role contact with environmental sources of microbes plays in this variability. We experimentally mimicked human skin contact with two common environmental sources of microorganisms — soils and plant leaves — and characterized the dynamics of microbial acquisition and persistence on skin on very short time scales. Repeatable changes in skin community composition following encounters with environmental sources were observed, and these trajectories largely depend on donor community biomass distributions. Changes in composition persisted for at least 24 hours and through a soap and water wash following exposures to relatively high biomass soil communities. In contrast, exposures to lower biomass leaf communities were undetectable after a 24 hour period. Absolute abundances of bacterial taxa in source communities predicted transmission probabilities and residence times, independent of phylogenetic considerations. Our results suggest that variability in the composition of the skin microbiome can be driven by transient encounters with common environmental sources, and that these relatively transient effects can persist when the source is of sufficient biomass.ImportanceHumans come into contact with environmental sources of microbes, such as soil or plants, constantly. Those microbial exposures have been linked to health through training and modulation of the immune system. While much is known about the human skin microbiome, the short term dynamics after a contact event, such as touching soil, have not been well characterized. In this study, we examine what happens after such a contact event, describing trends in microbial transmission to and persistence on the skin. Additionally, we use computational sampling model simulations to interrogate null expectations for these kinds of experiments. This work has broad implications for infection control strategies and therapeutic techniques that rely on modification of the microbiome, such as probiotics and faecal transplantation.

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Aging Associated Changes in the Adult Human Skin Microbiome and the Host Factors That Affect Skin Microbiome Composition

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Howard ◽

Charles C. Bascom ◽

Ping Hu ◽

Robert L. Binder ◽

Gina Fadayel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Host Factors ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Adult Human ◽

Adult Human Skin

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ultraviolet radiation, both UVA and UVB, influences the composition of the skin microbiome.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.734570834.793554185 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Knobler

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Skin Microbiome

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219 Isotretinoin disrupts skin microbiome composition and metabolic function after 20 weeks of therapy

Journal of Investigative Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. S39

Author(s):

Z.T. Nolan ◽

K. Banerjee ◽

Z. Cong ◽

S. Gettle ◽

A. Longenecker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Microbiome ◽

Metabolic Function ◽

Microbiome Composition

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Interactions of host defense and hyper-keratinization in psoriasis

10.1101/2021.11.26.469424 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jingwen Deng ◽

Emmerik Leijten ◽

Michel Olde Nordkamp ◽

Hartgring Sarita ◽

Weiyang Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Defense ◽

Gene Networks ◽

Neutrophil Activation ◽

Psoriatic Skin ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Core Network ◽

Local Skin ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Core Set ◽

Lesion Skin

Objectives: To understand the crosstalk between the host and microbiota in psoriatic skin, using a systems biology approach based on transcriptomics and microbiome profiling. Methods: We collected the skin tissue biopsies and swabs in both lesion and non-lesion skin of 13 patients with psoriasis (PsO), 15 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and healthy skin from 12 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We performed transcriptome sequencing and metagenomics profiling on the local skin sites to study the similarities and differences in the molecular profiles between the three conditions, and the associations between the host defense and microbiota dynamic. Results: We found that lesion and non-lesional samples were remarkably different in terms of their transcriptome profiles. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed a major enrichment in neutrophil activation. By using co-expression gene networks, we identified a gene module that was associated with local psoriasis severity at the site of biopsy. From this module, we extracted a "core" set of genes that were functionally involved in neutrophil activation, epidermal cell differentiation and response to bacteria. Skin microbiome analysis revealed that the abundance of Enhydrobacter, Micrococcus and Leptotrichia were significantly correlated with the "core network" of genes. Conclusions: We identified a core network that regulates inflammation and hyper-keratinization in psoriatic skin, and is associated with local disease severity and microbiome composition.

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