Human bocavirus genotypes 1, 2, and 3 circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2012–2018

Background Infection with viruses especially rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus has been known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age globally, particularly in developing countries. Also, some genotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) have been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of EV in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis. Methods A total of 1,736 fecal specimens were collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were tested for the presence of EV by RT-PCR of the 5′ untranslated region. The genotypes of EV were further identified by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Results EV was detected in 154 out of 1,736 specimens (8.9%) throughout the study period. The prevalence of EV detected in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 7.2%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. EV was detected all year round with a high prevalence during rainy season in Thailand. Overall, 37 genotypes of EV were identified in this study. Among these, coxsackievirus (CV)-A24 and CV-B5 (7.5% each), and EV-C96 (6.8%) were the common genotypes detected. Conclusion This study demonstrates the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and genotype diversity of EV circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the period 2015 to 2018.

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Circulating of human bocavirus 1, 2, 3, and 4 in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 565-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Rungnapa Malasao ◽

Natthawan Chaimongkol ◽

Nuthapong Ukarapol ◽

Tipachan Kongsricharoern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Human Bocavirus

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High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017 to 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-870222/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hongyu Wei ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Kattareeya Kumthip ◽

Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽

Niwat Maneekarn

Keyword(s):

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Common Causes ◽

Human Astrovirus ◽

The Common ◽

Reference Sequences

Abstract ABSTRCT Human astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of the molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children < 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020. A total of 1,500 fecal specimens collected from children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis during 2017 to 2020 were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR and identified by nucleotide sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequences retrieved from GenBank database and analysed by MEGA X software to assign their genotypes. Of 1,500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1-HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and novel HAstV-VA2, were detected in this study. The data in this study revealed a wide variety of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020.

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Predominance of human bocavirus genotypes 1 and 2 in oysters in Thailand

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00456-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kattareeya Kumthip ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Hiroshi Ushijima ◽

Niwat Maneekarn

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Genotype 1 ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Oral Transmission ◽

Waterborne Transmission ◽

Few Data ◽

Bivalve Shellfish

Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been recognized as one of important pathogens of respiratory infection and acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. HBoV is most likely transmitted by the respiratory route and fecal-oral transmission. Recently, HBoV has been detected in several types of environmental water and bivalve shellfish. However, study of the existence of HBoV in oyster is still undocumented in Thailand. In this study, 144 oyster samples collected from different markets in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2018 were investigated for the presence of HBoV by nested-PCR and sequencing. HBoV was detected in 11 out of 144 samples (7.6%). Nine HBoV-positive samples (81.8%) were identified as genotype 1 (HBoV1) and two (18.2%) as HBoV2. A monthly investigation of HBoV in oyster samples from July 2017 to June 2018 showed that HBoV was sporadically detected in some particular months spanning the rainy and colder season with its peak in January. This study demonstrates the presence and genotype diversity of HBoV in oyster samples in Thailand. The finding contributes to evaluating the risk of foodborne transmission of HBoV and monitoring the outbreak of HBoV in Thailand and other countries. Importance Human bocavirus is recognized as an important cause of respiratory infection and of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Human bocavirus is widely detected in many clinical specimens as well as in several environmental samples. Most of the studies describe the incidence of bocavirus infection in human while only few data are available for the occurrence of human bocavirus in food materials, particularly, in bivalve shellfish. Our findings provide the evidence for the existence and prevalence of human bocavirus in oysters suggesting that further monitoring the potential risk of food and waterborne transmission of this virus to human should be undertaken.

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Emergence of Multiple Novel Inter-Genotype Recombinant Strains of Human Astroviruses Detected in Pediatric Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis in Thailand

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.789636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hongyu Wei ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Kattareeya Kumthip ◽

Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽

Niwat Maneekarn

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Junction Region ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Recombinant Strains ◽

Human Astroviruses ◽

Human Astrovirus ◽

Reference Sequences ◽

Recombination Breakpoints

Objective: Human astrovirus (HAstV) is recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. Recombination between different genotypes of HAstV can contribute to diversity and evolution of the virus. This study aimed to investigate the emergence of HAstV recombinant strains in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, spanning 2011–2020.Methods: A total of 92 archival HAstV strains collected from pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis during 2011–2020 were further characterized to identify the recombinant strains. The ORF1b and ORF2 junction region of each strain was amplified and sequenced. The obtained sequences were analyzed in comparison with the reference sequences retrieved from GenBank database. Their genotypes were assigned using MEGA X software based on the partial ORF1b (RdRp) and ORF2 (capsid) regions, and the recombination breakpoints of recombinant strains were determined by SimPlot and RDP4 analyses.Results: Five inter-genotype recombinant strains with three recombination patterns of ORF1b/ORF2 of classic HAstV, HAstV8/HAstV1, HAstV8/HAstV3, and HAstV3/HAstV2, were detected. The recombination breakpoints of all strains were located at the 3′-end region of ORF1b close to the ORF1b/ORF2 junction.Conclusion: Several novel inter-genotype recombinant strains of classic HAstV genotypes were detected in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020.

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High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017–2020

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02745-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongyu Wei ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Kattareeya Kumthip ◽

Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽

Niwat Maneekarn

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Common Causes ◽

Human Astrovirus ◽

Partial Rdrp ◽

The Common

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstVs strains circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017–2020. A total of 1500 fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR that targeted the partial RdRp in ORF1b and strains were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the 1500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1–HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and HAstV-VA2, were detected. The data in this study revealed a high divergence of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017–2020.

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Contamination of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Environmental Waters in Thailand

Microbiology Spectrum ◽

10.1128/spectrum.02178-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kattareeya Kumthip ◽

Pattara Khamrin ◽

Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽

Hiroshi Ushijima ◽

Niwat Maneekarn

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Environmental Waters

Recently, we reported the detection of HBoV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis, and the detection of HBoV1 and 2 in oysters in Thailand. In this study, we report the detection of HBoV1, 2, 3, and 4 contamination in environmental waters within the same geographic area.

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