scholarly journals Emergence of Multiple Novel Inter-Genotype Recombinant Strains of Human Astroviruses Detected in Pediatric Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wei ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Junction Region ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Human Astroviruses ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Reference Sequences ◽  
Recombination Breakpoints

Objective: Human astrovirus (HAstV) is recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. Recombination between different genotypes of HAstV can contribute to diversity and evolution of the virus. This study aimed to investigate the emergence of HAstV recombinant strains in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, spanning 2011–2020.Methods: A total of 92 archival HAstV strains collected from pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis during 2011–2020 were further characterized to identify the recombinant strains. The ORF1b and ORF2 junction region of each strain was amplified and sequenced. The obtained sequences were analyzed in comparison with the reference sequences retrieved from GenBank database. Their genotypes were assigned using MEGA X software based on the partial ORF1b (RdRp) and ORF2 (capsid) regions, and the recombination breakpoints of recombinant strains were determined by SimPlot and RDP4 analyses.Results: Five inter-genotype recombinant strains with three recombination patterns of ORF1b/ORF2 of classic HAstV, HAstV8/HAstV1, HAstV8/HAstV3, and HAstV3/HAstV2, were detected. The recombination breakpoints of all strains were located at the 3′-end region of ORF1b close to the ORF1b/ORF2 junction.Conclusion: Several novel inter-genotype recombinant strains of classic HAstV genotypes were detected in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, during the period of 10 years from 2011 to 2020.

scholarly journals High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wei ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reference Sequences

Abstract ABSTRCT Human astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of the molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstV genotypes circulating in children < 5 years of age hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020. A total of 1,500 fecal specimens collected from children diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis during 2017 to 2020 were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR and identified by nucleotide sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with the reference sequences retrieved from GenBank database and analysed by MEGA X software to assign their genotypes. Of 1,500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1-HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and novel HAstV-VA2, were detected in this study. The data in this study revealed a wide variety of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017 to 2020.

scholarly journals High divergence of human astrovirus genotypes circulating in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2017–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Wei ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Partial Rdrp ◽  
The Common

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is one of the common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. The investigation of molecular epidemiology of HAstV is essential for monitoring the emergence and/or re-emergence of new HAstV genotypes, as well as understanding the evolution of HAstV circulating in children suffering from acute gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of HAstVs strains circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017–2020. A total of 1500 fecal specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis were screened for HAstV by RT-PCR that targeted the partial RdRp in ORF1b and strains were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the 1500 fecal samples, 39 (2.6%) were positive for HAstV. Of these, both classic and novel HAstV genotypes, including classic HAstV1–HAstV5, novel HAstV-MLB1, MLB2, and HAstV-VA2, were detected. The data in this study revealed a high divergence of HAstV genotypes circulating in pediatric patients admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2017–2020.

scholarly journals Human bocavirus genotypes 1, 2, and 3 circulating in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2012–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Nattika Nantachit ◽  
Pakawat Kochjan ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Niwat Maneekarn
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Chiang Mai

Wide variety of recombinant strains of norovirus GII in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand during 2005 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanittapon Supadej ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Pakawat Kochjan ◽  
Arpaporn Yodmeeklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Norovirus Gii

scholarly journals Enterovirus infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2015–2018

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9645
Author(s):  
Kitsakorn Rojjanadumrongkul ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Nuthapong Ukarapol ◽  
Hiroshi Ushijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Genotype Diversity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Viral Protein 1 ◽  
Children Under 5

Background Infection with viruses especially rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus has been known to be a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age globally, particularly in developing countries. Also, some genotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) have been reported to be associated with gastroenteritis. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of EV in children admitted to hospitals with acute gastroenteritis. Methods A total of 1,736 fecal specimens were collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2018. All specimens were tested for the presence of EV by RT-PCR of the 5′ untranslated region. The genotypes of EV were further identified by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein 1 (VP1) gene. Results EV was detected in 154 out of 1,736 specimens (8.9%) throughout the study period. The prevalence of EV detected in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 was 7.2%, 9.0%, 11.2%, and 8.6%, respectively. EV was detected all year round with a high prevalence during rainy season in Thailand. Overall, 37 genotypes of EV were identified in this study. Among these, coxsackievirus (CV)-A24 and CV-B5 (7.5% each), and EV-C96 (6.8%) were the common genotypes detected. Conclusion This study demonstrates the prevalence, seasonal distribution, and genotype diversity of EV circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the period 2015 to 2018.

scholarly journals Genetic recombination and diversity of sapovirus in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2010–2018

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Hiroshi Ushijima ◽  
Limin Chen ◽  
Shilin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
First Time

Background Human sapovirus (SaV) is an etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups worldwide. Genetic recombination of SaV has been reported from many countries. So far, none of SaV recombinant strain has been reported from Thailand. This study examined the genetic recombination and genotype diversity of SaV in children hospitalized with AGE in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Methods Stool samples were collected from children suffering from diarrhea who admitted to the hospitals in Chiang Mai, Thailand between 2010 and 2018. SaV was detected by RT-PCR and the polymerase and capsid gene sequences were analysed. Results From a total of 3,057 samples tested, 50 (1.6%) were positive for SaV. Among positive samples, SaV genotype GI.1 was the most predominant genotype (40%; 20/50), followed by GII.1 and GII.5 (each of 16%; 8/50), GI.2 (14%; 7/50), GIV.1 (4%; 2/50), and GI.5 (2%; 1/50). In addition, 4 SaV recombinant strains of GII.1/GII.4 were identified in this study (8%; 4/50). Conclusions The data revealed the genetic diversity of SaV circulating in children with AGE in Chiang Mai, Thailand during 2010 to 2018 and the intragenogroup SaV recombinant strains were reported for the first time in Thailand.

scholarly journals Human Astrovirus Outbreak in a Daycare Center and Propagation among Household Contacts

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Ignacio Parrón ◽  
Elsa Plasencia ◽  
Thais Cornejo-Sánchez ◽  
Mireia Jané ◽  
Cristina Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Daycare Center ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Clinical Cases

We investigated an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to human astrovirus in a daycare center, describing the transmission mechanism, the most affected age groups, conditioning factors and the extent of the outbreak among household contacts of the daycare center attenders. Data were collected from persons exposed at the daycare center and their home contacts. Fecal samples from affected and non-affected daycare center attenders were analyzed for viruses causing acute gastroenteritis by RT-PCR. The percentage of households affected and the attack rates (AR) were calculated. The attack rates were compared using the rate ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Information was obtained from 245 people (76 attenders and 169 contacts) of whom 49 were clinical cases. Five HAstV-4, two HAstV-8 and three non-typable HAstV cases were identified (six from clinical cases and four from asymptomatic infected people). The global AR was 20% (41.2% in children aged < 2 years). Data were obtained from 67 households: 20 households of affected attenders and 47 of non-affected attendees. Household contacts of affected attenders had a higher AR (74.3%) than that of non-affected attendees (2.4%). We found asymptomatic infections amongst daycare attendees. The transmission of HAstV during the outbreak was not limited to the daycare center but extended to household contacts of both affected and non-affected attenders.

scholarly journals Human Astrovirus 1–8 Seroprevalence Evaluation in a United States Adult Population

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Lena Meyer ◽  
Kevin Delgado-Cunningham ◽  
Nicholas Lorig-Roach ◽  
Jordan Ford ◽  
Rebecca M. DuBois
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Astroviruses ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 5 ◽  
Human Astrovirus

Human astroviruses are an important cause of viral gastroenteritis globally, yet few studies have investigated the serostatus of adults to establish rates of previous infection. Here, we applied biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay (BLI-ISA), a recently developed serosurveillance technique, to measure the presence of blood plasma IgG antibodies directed towards the human astrovirus capsid spikes from serotypes 1–8 in a cross-sectional sample of a United States adult population. The seroprevalence rates of IgG antibodies were 73% for human astrovirus serotype 1, 62% for serotype 3, 52% for serotype 4, 29% for serotype 5, 27% for serotype 8, 22% for serotype 2, 8% for serotype 6, and 8% for serotype 7. Notably, seroprevalence rates for capsid spike antigens correlate with neutralizing antibody rates determined previously. This work is the first seroprevalence study evaluating all eight classical human astrovirus serotypes.

scholarly journals Characterizing a Murine Model for Astrovirus Using Viral Isolates from Persistently Infected Immunocompromised Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Cortez ◽  
Bridgett Sharp ◽  
Jiangwei Yao ◽  
Brandi Livingston ◽  
Peter Vogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Small Animal Model ◽  
Human Astroviruses ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice

ABSTRACT Human astroviruses are single-stranded RNA enteric viruses that cause a spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic infection to systemic extragastrointestinal spread; however, they are among the least-characterized enteric viruses, and there is a lack of a well-characterized small animal model. Finding that immunocompromised mice were resistant to human astrovirus infection via multiple routes of inoculation, our studies aimed to determine whether murine astrovirus (MuAstV) could be used to model human astrovirus disease. We experimentally infected wild-type mice with MuAstV isolated from immunocompromised mice and found that the virus was detected throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, but was not associated with diarrhea. The virus was also detected in the lung. Although virus levels were higher in recently weaned mice, the levels were similar in male and female adult mice. Using two distinct viruses isolated from different immunocompromised mouse strains, we observed virus strain-specific differences in the duration of infection (3 versus 10 weeks) in wild-type mice, indicating that the within-host immune pressure from donor mice shaped the virus kinetics in immunocompetent recipient hosts. Both virus strains elicited minimal pathology and a lack of sustained immunity. In summary, MuAstV represents a useful model for studying asymptomatic human infection and gaining insight into the astrovirus pathogenesis and immunity. IMPORTANCE Astroviruses are widespread in both birds and mammals; however, little is known about the pathogenesis and the immune response to the virus due to the lack of a well-characterized small-animal model. Here we describe two distinct strains of murine astrovirus that cause infections in immunocompetent mice that mirror aspects of asymptomatic human infections, including minimal pathology and short-lived immunity. However, we noted that the duration of infection differed greatly between the strains, highlighting an important facet of these viruses that was not previously appreciated. The ubiquitous nature and diversity of murine astroviruses coupled with the continuous likelihood of reinfection raise the possibility of viral interference with other mouse models of disease.

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