The effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the viscoelastic properties and microstructure of bovine superficial digital flexor tendon

2021 ◽  
pp. 104582
Author(s):  
Martyna Ekiert ◽  
Joanna Karbowniczek ◽  
Urszula Stachewicz ◽  
Andrzej Mlyniec
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

Preliminary studies on the vascular anatomy of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN E. KRAUS-HANSEN ◽  
G. E. FACKELMAN ◽  
C. BECKER ◽  
R. M. WILLIAMS ◽  
F. S. PIPERS
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic scoring system for superficial digital flexor tendon injuries in horses: intra- and inter-rater variability

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (24) ◽  
pp. 655-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alzola Domingo ◽  
Chris M Riggs ◽  
David S Gardner ◽  
Sarah L Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Rater Variability ◽  
Fibre Pattern

Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tendinopathy is an important musculoskeletal problem in horses. The study objective was to validate an ultrasonographic scoring system for SDFT injuries. Ultrasonographic images from 14 Thoroughbred racehorses with SDFT lesions (seven core; seven diffuse) and two controls were blindly assessed by five clinicians on two occasions. Ultrasonographic parameters evaluated were: type and extent of the injury, location, echogenicity, cross-sectional area and longitudinal fibre pattern of the maximal injury zone (MIZ). Inter-rater variability and intra-rater reliability were assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (KC) and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LC), respectively. Type of injury (core vs. diffuse) had perfect inter/intra-rater agreement. Cases with core lesions had very strong inter-rater agreement (KC ≥0.74, P<0.001) and intra-rater reliability (LC ≥0.73) for all parameters apart from echogenicity. Cases with diffuse lesions had strong inter-rater agreement (KC ≥0.62) for all parameters, but weak agreement for echogenicity (KC=0.22); intra-rater reliability was excellent for MIZ location and fibre pattern (LC ≥0.82), and moderate (LC ≥0.58) for cross-sectional area and number of zones affected. This scoring system was reliable and repeatable for all parameters, except for echogenicity. A validated scoring system will facilitate reliable recording of SDFT injuries and inter-study meta-analyses.

Superficial digital flexor tendon lesions in racehorses as a sequela to muscle fatigue: A preliminary study

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Butcher ◽  
J. W. Hermanson ◽  
N. G. Ducharme ◽  
L. M. Mitchell ◽  
L. V. Soderholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Preliminary Study

Evaluation of a diode laser for use in induction of tendinopathy in the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Vallance ◽  
Martin A. Vidal ◽  
Mary Beth Whitcomb ◽  
Brian G. Murphy ◽  
Mathieu Spriet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

scholarly journals The relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be due to the helical fibril arrangement of their fascicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (133) ◽  
pp. 20170261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Shearer ◽  
Chavaunne T. Thorpe ◽  
Hazel R. C. Screen
Keyword(s):  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Extensor Tendon ◽  
Mechanical Tension ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Microstructural Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nonlinear Elastic ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fitting Parameters

A nonlinear elastic microstructural model is used to investigate the relationship between structure and function in energy-storing and positional tendons. The model is used to fit mechanical tension test data from the equine common digital extensor tendon (CDET) and superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), which are used as archetypes of positional and energy-storing tendons, respectively. The fibril crimp and fascicle helix angles of the two tendon types are used as fitting parameters in the mathematical model to predict their values. The outer fibril crimp angles were predicted to be 15.1° ± 2.3° in the CDET and 15.8° ± 4.1° in the SDFT, and the average crimp angles were predicted to be 10.0° ± 1.5° in the CDET and 10.5° ± 2.7° in the SDFT. The crimp angles were not found to be statistically significantly different between the two tendon types ( p = 0.572). By contrast, the fascicle helix angles were predicted to be 7.9° ± 9.3° in the CDET and 29.1° ± 10.3° in the SDFT and were found to be statistically highly significantly different between the two tendon types ( p < 0.001). This supports previous qualitative observations that helical substructures are more likely to be found in energy-storing tendons than in positional tendons and suggests that the relative compliance of energy-storing tendons may be directly caused by these helical substructures.

Comparison of healing in forelimb and hindlimb surgically induced core lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Van Weeren ◽  
C. H. A. Van de Lest ◽  
J. Boere ◽  
M. Reyes ◽  
J. C. Ionita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Surgically Induced

SummaryObjective: Even though equine multi-limb tendinopathy models have been reported, it is unknown if fore- and hindlimb tendon healing behave similarly. The aim of this study was to compare the healing process of surgically induced superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) core lesions of fore- and hindlimbs in horses.Methods: Tendon core lesions were surgically induced in the SDFT of both fore- and hindlimbs in eight horses. One randomly assigned forelimb and one randomly assigned hindlimb were injected with saline one and two weeks post-surgery. The healing process was monitored clinically and ultrasonographically. After 24 weeks, the tendons were harvested and biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters were evaluated.Results: Twenty-four weeks post-surgery, the forelimb SDFT lesions had a significantly higher colour Doppler ultrasound vascularization score (p = 0.02) and glycosaminoglycan concentration (p = 0.04) and a significantly lower hydroxylysylpyridinoline content (p = 0.03).Clinical relevance: Our results indicate that fore- and hindlimb SDFT surgically induced lesions exhibit significant differences in several important parameters of tendon healing 24 weeks post-surgery. These differences create significant challenges in using all four limbs and accurately interpreting the results that one might generate. Therefore these findings do not support the use of four-limb models for study of tendon injury until the reasons for these differences are much better understood.

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