scholarly journals A simple rule for interpreting COVID-19 antibody test results, by seroprevalence and vaccination status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chi-Tai Fang
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
Test Results

How to interpret borderline HCV antibody test results? A comparative study investigating four different anti-HCV assays

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Maasoumy ◽  
B Bremer ◽  
R Raupach ◽  
P Lehmann ◽  
MP Manns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hcv Antibody

scholarly journals Rapid point-of-care (POC) testing for Hepatitis C antibodies in a very high prevalence setting: persons injecting drugs in Tallinn, Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Uusküla ◽  
Ave Talu ◽  
Jürgen Rannap ◽  
David M. Barnes ◽  
Don Des Jarlais
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hcv Antibody

Abstract Background Between December 2018 and January of 2019, we evaluated the accuracy of the point-of-care Hepatitis C (HCV) antibody test (POC; OraQuick HCV) used at a community-based needle and syringe exchange program serving persons who inject drugs in Tallinn, Estonia. Methods We compared the results of screening for HCV antibodies by OraQuick (oral swab) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA; blood draw) and assessed test results implications in a high prevalence setting. Findings Of the 100 participants, 88 (88%) had reactive POC test results, and 93 were HCV antibody positive on EIA testing. Sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) for the POC assay with EIA as the relevant reference test were as follows: 94.6% (95% CI 90.0–99.2%), 100% and 58.3% (95% CI 30.4–86.2%). Of the 12 testing, HCV-negative with the POC only 7 (58.3%) were true negatives. Conclusions Oral swab rapid testing HCV screening in this nonclinical setting was sensitive and specific but had unacceptably low NPV. In high prevalence settings, POC tests with high sensitivity and that directly measure HCV RNA may be warranted.

A Nationwide Survey of COVID-19 Testing in LGBTQ+ Populations in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110181
Author(s):  
Richard J. Martino ◽  
Kristen D. Krause ◽  
Marybec Griffin ◽  
Caleb LoSchiavo ◽  
Camilla Comer-Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
And Gender

Objectives Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) people and populations face myriad health disparities that are likely to be evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of our study were to describe patterns of COVID-19 testing among LGBTQ+ people and to differentiate rates of COVID-19 testing and test results by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Participants residing in the United States and US territories (N = 1090) aged ≥18 completed an internet-based survey from May through July 2020 that assessed COVID-19 testing and test results and sociodemographic characteristics, including sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). We analyzed data on receipt and results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms of COVID-19 in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Results Of the 1090 participants, 182 (16.7%) received a PCR test; of these, 16 (8.8%) had a positive test result. Of the 124 (11.4%) who received an antibody test, 45 (36.3%) had antibodies. Rates of PCR testing were higher among participants who were non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born (16.3%) and employed full-time or part-time (18.5%) versus unemployed (10.8%). Antibody testing rates were higher among gay cisgender men (17.2%) versus other SOGI groups, non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born participants, employed (12.6%) versus unemployed participants, and participants residing in the Northeast (20.0%) versus other regions. Among SOGI groups with sufficient cell sizes (n > 10), positive PCR results were highest among cisgender gay men (16.1%). Conclusions The differential patterns of testing and positivity, particularly among gay men in our sample, confirm the need to create COVID-19 public health messaging and programming that attend to the LGBTQ+ population.

JUVENILE LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-926
Author(s):  
Krishna M. Saxena ◽  
John D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lymphocytic Thyroiditis ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Tsh Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Lymphocytic thyroiditis was the most common cause of nontoxic goiters in childhood, comprising about 40% of these and 20% of all goiters seen in our pediatric endocrine clinic. The diagnosis should be considered whenever a nontoxic goiter does not diminish significantly in size within about two weeks in response to thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH) suppressive doses of USP thyroid. Observations on 32 children with lymphocytic thyroiditis have been recorded. The diagnosis was proven histologically in 23. In nine patients the diagnosis was presumptive. The condition occurred mostly in preadolescent girls as a slowly developing firm, diffuse, and smooth or nubbly goiter with or without symptoms of anxiety, nervousness and pressure in the neck. The majority of patients were euthyroid when first encountered, though examples both of mild hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were also seen. A high protein-bound iodine value, a large discrepancy between protein-bound iodine and butanol-extractable iodine, and positive tanned erythrocyte antibody test results provided the best diagnostic criteria apart from biopsy. The pathological picture is one of hyperplasia with lymphocytic infiltration and atrophy of thyroid follicles and epithelium. Treatment consisted in giving TSH suppressive doses of thyroid for a prolonged period. The results of treatment were not entirely satisfactory. Genetic predisposition, probably manifested in an abnormal cellular hypersensitivity, and excessive TSH stimulation of the thyroid seem for the moment the two factors in pathogenesis best supported by laboratory evidence.

Impact of Aspergillus precipitating antibody test results on clinical outcomes of patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 105955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Shirai ◽  
Koji Furuuchi ◽  
Keiji Fujiwara ◽  
Keitaro Nakamoto ◽  
Yoshiaki Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results

Guidelines for Disclosing HIV-Antibody Test Results to Clients

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55???63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Witt ◽  
Anthony J. Silvestre ◽  
Charles R. Rinaldo ◽  
David W. Lyter
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results

scholarly journals Hemolysis and IgA-antibodies against tissue transglutaminase: When are antibody test results no longer reliable?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. e22360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Wolf ◽  
Norman Haendel ◽  
Johannes Remmler ◽  
Carl Elias Kutzner ◽  
Thorsten Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Iga Antibodies

False-negative HIV antibody test results

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Preiser ◽  
Nicola S. Brink ◽  
Anna Hayman ◽  
James Waite ◽  
Peter Balfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Negative ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results

scholarly journals The meningococcal antibody test: how useful in the diagnosis of meningococcal disease?

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. WEIS ◽  
L. BERTHELSEN ◽  
H. WACHMANN ◽  
I. LIND
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Humoral Immune

Based on 92537 blood samples received from 7365 patients with a request for a meningococcal antibody test (MAT) during a 10-year period (1986–1995), the usefulness of the test in the diagnosis of meningococcal disease was assessed. Of 635 patients with culture-confirmed meningococcal disease, 88% were seronegative on admittance to hospital and 90% were seropositive 10–15 days after onset of disease. The humoral immune response in children <2 years of age was weaker than in older children and adults. Among 893 MAT-positive patients without culture-confirmed meningococcal disease, 261 (29%) had been notified as cases of meningococcal disease. Among 228 patients notified as serologically confirmed the MAT results were consistent with the clinical diagnosis in 86%. MAT is a reliable tool for establishing a diagnosis in patients with suspected meningococcal disease. Key factors facilitating appropriate interpretation of negative as well as positive test results were: time(s) of sampling(s) after onset of disease, age of the patient and clinical features.

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