Neural correlates of morphological processing and its development from pre-school to the first grade in children with and without familial risk for dyslexia

Abstract Background Differences in face processing in individuals with ASD is hypothesized to impact the development of social communication skills. This study aimed to characterize the neural correlates of face processing in 12-month-old infants at familial risk of developing ASD by (1) comparing face-sensitive event-related potentials (ERP) (Nc, N290, P400) between high-familial-risk infants who develop ASD (HR-ASD), high-familial-risk infants without ASD (HR-NoASD), and low-familial-risk infants (LR), and (2) evaluating how face-sensitive ERP components are associated with development of social communication skills. Methods 12-month-old infants participated in a study in which they were presented with alternating images of their mother’s face and the face of a stranger (LR = 45, HR-NoASD = 41, HR-ASD = 24) as EEG data were collected. Parent-reported and laboratory-observed social communication measures were obtained at 12 and 18 months. Group differences in ERP responses were evaluated using ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions were conducted with maternal education and outcome groups as covariates to assess relationships between ERP and behavioral measures. Results For each of the ERP components (Nc [negative-central], N290, and P400), the amplitude difference between mother and stranger (Mother-Stranger) trials was not statistically different between the three outcome groups (Nc p = 0.72, N290 p = 0.88, P400 p = 0.91). Marginal effects analyses found that within the LR group, a greater Nc Mother-Stranger response was associated with better expressive language skills on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, controlling for maternal education and outcome group effects (marginal effects dy/dx = 1.15; p < 0.01). No significant associations were observed between the Nc and language or social measures in HR-NoASD or HR-ASD groups. In contrast, specific to the HR-ASD group, amplitude difference between the Mother versus Stranger P400 response was positively associated with expressive (dy/dx = 2.1, p < 0.001) and receptive language skills at 12 months (dy/dx = 1.68, p < 0.005), and negatively associated with social affect scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (dy/dx = − 1.22, p < 0.001) at 18 months. Conclusions In 12-month-old infant siblings with subsequent ASD, increased P400 response to Mother over Stranger faces is positively associated with concurrent language and future social skills.

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Hebrew Brain vs. English Brain: Language Modulates the Way It Is Processed

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2010.21583 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2280-2290 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Atira S. Bick ◽

Gadi Goelman ◽

Ram Frost

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Language Processing ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Neural Circuitry ◽

Morphological Processing ◽

European Language ◽

Semitic Language ◽

Language Influence ◽

The Way

Is language processing universal? How do the specific properties of each language influence the way it is processed? In this study, we compare the neural correlates of morphological processing in Hebrew—a Semitic language with a rich and systematic morphology, to those revealed in English—an Indo-European language with a linear morphology. Using fMRI, we show that while in the bilingual brain both languages involve a common neural circuitry in processing morphological structure, this activation is significantly modulated by the different aspects of language. Whereas in Hebrew, morphological processing is independent of semantics, in English, morphological activation is clearly modulated by semantic overlap. These findings suggest that the processes involved in reading words are not universal, and therefore impose important constraints on current models of visual word recognition.

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Neural Correlates of Positive Emotion Processing That Distinguish Healthy Youth at Familial Risk for Bipolar Versus Major Depressive Disorder

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.jaac.2020.07.890 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akua F. Nimarko ◽

Adina S. Fischer ◽

Kelsey E. Hagan ◽

Aaron J. Gorelik ◽

Yvonne Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Positive Emotion ◽

Emotion Processing ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Major Depressive

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Neural Correlates of Morphological Processing: Evidence from Chinese

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2015.00714 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lijuan Zou ◽

Jerome L. Packard ◽

Zhichao Xia ◽

Youyi Liu ◽

Hua Shu

Keyword(s):

Neural Correlates ◽

Morphological Processing

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Distinctive Personality Traits and Neural Correlates Associated with Stimulant Drug Use Versus Familial Risk of Stimulant Dependence

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Karen D. Ersche ◽

P. Simon Jones ◽

Guy B. Williams ◽

Dana G. Smith ◽

Edward T. Bullmore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Stimulant Drug ◽

Stimulant Dependence

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Dynamics of morphological processing in pre-school children with and without familial risk for dyslexia

Journal of Neurolinguistics ◽

10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 100931

Author(s):

Natalia Louleli ◽

Jarmo A. Hämäläinen ◽

Lea Nieminen ◽

Tiina Parviainen ◽

Paavo H.T. Leppänen

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Morphological Processing

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Behavioral and Brain Measures of Morphological Processing in Children With and Without Familial Risk for Dyslexia From Pre-school to First Grade

Frontiers in Communication ◽

10.3389/fcomm.2021.655402 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Louleli ◽

Jarmo A. Hämäläinen ◽

Paavo H. T. Leppänen

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Skills ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

First Grade ◽

Morphological Processing ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Rapid Automatized Naming ◽

School Age ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Age Reading

School-age reading skills are associated with and predicted by preschool-age cognitive risk factors for dyslexia, such as deficits in phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, letter knowledge, and verbal short-term memory. In addition, evidence exists that problems in morphological information processing could be considered a risk factor for dyslexia. In the present study, 27 children at pre-school age and the same 27 children at first grade age performed a morphological awareness task while their brain responses were measured with magnetoencephalography. Our aim was to examine how derivational morphology in Finnish language, and concomitant accuracy and reaction times are associated with first grade reading, in addition to the preschool age reading-related cognitive skills. The results replicated earlier findings; we found significant correlations between pre-school phonological skills and first-grade reading, pre-school rapid naming and first-grade reading, and pre-school verbal short-term memory and first-grade reading. The results also revealed a significant correlation between the pre-school children's reaction time for correctly derived words in the morphological task and the first-grade children's performance in rapid automatized naming for letters. No significant correlations were found between brain activation measures of morphological processing and first-grade reading.

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Examining the relationship between home literacy environment and neural correlates of phonological processing in beginning readers with and without a familial risk for dyslexia: an fMRI study

Annals of Dyslexia ◽

10.1007/s11881-016-0134-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 337-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sara J. Powers ◽

Yingying Wang ◽

Sara D. Beach ◽

Georgios D. Sideridis ◽

Nadine Gaab

Keyword(s):

Phonological Processing ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Home Literacy Environment ◽

Beginning Readers ◽

Home Literacy ◽

Literacy Environment ◽

Fmri Study ◽

The Relationship

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Neural Correlates of Face Processing Associated with Language and Social Development in 12-month Infants with Familial Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-850435/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Glauser ◽

Carol L Wilkinson ◽

Laurel Joy Gabard-Durnam ◽

Boin Choi ◽

Helen Tager-Flusberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Social Skills ◽

Social Development ◽

Face Processing ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Language Skills ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Amplitude Difference

Abstract BackgroundIdentifying neural markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) before behavioral symptoms emerge can improve outcomes through early treatment. This study aimed to characterize the neural correlates of face processing in 12-month-old infants at familial risk of developing ASD by (1) comparing face-sensitive event-related potentials (ERP) (Nc, N290, P400) between high-familial-risk infants who develop ASD (HR-ASD), high-familial-risk infants without ASD (HR-NoASD), and low-familial-risk infants (LR), and (2) evaluating how face-sensitive ERP components are associated with language, communication and social development.Methods 12-month-old infants participated in a study in which they were presented with alternating images of their mother’s face and the face of a stranger (LR = 45, HR-NoASD = 41, HR-ASD = 24) as EEG data were collected. Parent-reported and laboratory-observed language and social communication measures were obtained at 12 months, and laboratory-observed social skills measures were conducted at 18 months. Group differences in ERP responses were evaluated using ANOVA, and multiple linear regressions were conducted with maternal education and outcome groups as covariates to assess relationships between ERP and behavioral measures. ResultsFor each of the ERP components (Nc, N290, and P400), the amplitude difference between mother and stranger (Mother-Stranger) trials was not statistically different between the three outcome groups (Nc p = 0.72, N290 p = 0.88, P400 p = 0.91). Marginal effects analyses found that within the LR group, a greater Nc Mother-Stranger response was associated with better expressive language skills on the MSEL, controlling for maternal education and outcome group effects (slope 1.15; p < 0.01). No significant associations were observed between the Nc and language or social measures in HR-NoASD or HR-ASD groups. In contrast, specific to the HR-ASD group, amplitude difference between the Mother versus Stranger P400 response was positively associated with expressive (slope 2.1, p<0.001) and receptive language skills at 12-months (slope 1.68, p < 0.005), and better social skills (slope 0.66, p < 0.005) at 18-months. ConclusionsIn 12-month-old infant siblings with subsequent ASD, increased P400 response to Mother over Stranger faces is positively associated with concurrent language and future social skills.

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