Breakthrough bleeding in transgender and gender diverse adolescents and young adults on long-term testosterone

Aims: The present study investigates whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with poor physical and mental health among adolescents and young adults, and whether age and gender play a role in the associations of loneliness and social isolation with mental and physical health. Methods: This study used cross-sectional self-report data from the 2017 Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys titled ‘How are you?’ ( N = 19,890, M = 22.6 years). Results: Logistic regression analyses showed that loneliness and social isolation were independently associated with poor physical and mental health. Loneliness was associated with increased odds of asthma, migraine, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, slipped disc/back pain, tinnitus, long-term mental illness, depressive symptomatology, anxiety symptomatology and alcohol problems. Social isolation was associated with decreased odds of having migraine, osteoarthritis and alcohol problems, and an increased risk of long-term mental illness and depressive symptomatology. Small age and gender differences were detected. Conclusions: In adolescents and young adults, loneliness and social isolation were associated with poor mental health and loneliness with poor physical health. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention and intervention initiatives to alleviate loneliness and social isolation.

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Long-term holistic cognitive rehabilitation for brain-injured adolescents and young adults

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e626752013-001 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Pedrotty

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Brain Injured

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The Co-Occurrence of Autism and Gender Diversity

The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190910761.013.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 197-211

Author(s):

Jill C. Fodstad ◽

Rebecca Elias ◽

Shivali Sarawgi

Keyword(s):

Gender Dysphoria ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

Gender Nonconforming ◽

Medical Interventions ◽

Gender Diverse ◽

Nonbinary Gender ◽

Psychiatric Conditions ◽

The Common ◽

And Gender

Gender diversity refers to gender expressions and/or gender identity experiences that vary from the common experiences of gender. Gender-diverse people may be gender nonconforming, gender nonbinary, gender fluid, gender exploring, transgender, and so forth. Some gender-diverse individuals experience gender dysphoria and/or gender incongruence and may require gender-affirming supports, including gender-affirming medical interventions. The co-occurrence of autism and gender diversity has been highlighted in a series of studies internationally as well as through rich community expressions. Studies in gender-referred individuals reveal high rates of autism traits as well as high rates of existing autism diagnoses. Studies in autistic populations reveal greater gender diversity characteristics. The long-term course of gender diversity in autistic individuals is poorly understood. Clinical guidelines have been developed for adolescents with the co-occurrence, but much work remains: No gender-related measures have been developed and tested for use in neurodiverse populations, no programs exist to support gender-diverse neurodiverse adults, and little is known about co-occurring mental health profiles, risks, or protective factors for people with the co-occurrence. The inclusion of this chapter on co-occurring autism and gender diversity within a book on “co-occurring psychiatric conditions” is problematic, because gender diversity is not a “psychiatric condition,” but instead a form of human diversity. The diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria is useful only insomuch as it allows individuals to obtain necessary gender-related supports. The authors’ choice to include this chapter in this book reflects a compromise, motivated by the need for educating both autism and gender specialists in this common co-occurrence.

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