Sustainability is the continued use of program components and activities for the continued achievement of desirable program and population outcomes. Research on sustainability suggests that for some interventions and programs, the potential for long-term sustainment is fairly high, whereas for those that are complex and multifaceted, sustainability is more precarious and may always be at risk. This chapter considers broad issues of sustainability outcomes, frameworks for conceptualizing sustainability, and the depth or meaningfulness of what is sustained. It reviews research on the sustainability of cancer practices and programs in both public health and health care settings. Without careful planning and attention to relevant drivers of sustainability, practices and programs may not be continued over the long term. Still, the broader literature does provide guidance for those who seek to implement cancer programs and interventions with an eye toward sustainment. This guidance is discussed at the conclusion of the chapter.
Dichotomizing the spectrum of ductal shunt places long-term outcomes research at risk