Le rôle des pȃturages communaux dans l’agriculture de Pécs à l’époque du dualisme

The purpose of the study. To show the role of pastoral animal husbandry in dualism in a large Hungarian city where the majority of the population lived from industry, trade, mining and transport. How did the city assembly approach the maintenance of the pasture that made up part of the land. Applied methods. We examined the archives of the Baranya County Archives of the Hungarian National Archives, the archives of the city assembly and the city council, the accounting office, the economic supervision, the city regulations and cadastral maps, documents and maps, and we reviewed the local press. Literature and statistical data were compared with the opinions of contemporaries. Outcomes. Research has convincingly demonstrated that pasturage was essential to the lifestyles of the poorer, more self-exploiting suburban residents in particular, and even in the 1910s, most cattle were driven out to Megyeri and Szigeti suburban pastures. In our period, however, the area of pastures decreased significantly due to the conversion of pastures into arable land and meadows, the expansion of the city, and the needs of the military (training ground, shooting range).

The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Surgery: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Interest in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in medicine has grown exponentially over the last few years. With its ability to enhance speed, precision, and efficiency, AI has immense potential, especially in the field of surgery. This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review of artificial intelligence as it applies to surgery and discuss practical examples, current applications, and challenges to the adoption of this technology. Furthermore, we elaborate on the utility of natural language processing and computer vision in improving surgical outcomes, research, and patient care.

Development and evaluation of a virtual patient-centered outcomes research training program for the cystic fibrosis community

Background Patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) emphasizes patient-generated research priorities and outcomes, and engages patients throughout every stage of the research process. In the cystic fibrosis (CF) community, patients frequently provide input into research studies, but rarely are integrated onto research teams. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a virtual pilot PCOR training program to build PCOR capacity in the CF community (patients, caregivers, researchers, nonprofit stakeholders and providers). We aimed to show changes among participants’ perceived PCOR knowledge (a.k.a PCOR knowledge), confidence in engaging stakeholders, and post-training session satisfaction. Methods Guided by a prior CF community educational needs assessment, our researcher and patient-partner team co-developed a four-part virtual online training program. We structured the program towards two learner groups: patients/caregivers and researchers/providers. We evaluated participants’ PCOR knowledge, confidence in engaging stakeholders, and session satisfaction by administering 5-point Likert participant surveys. We tested for significant differences between median ratings pre- and post-training. Results A total of 28 patients/caregivers, and 31 researchers/providers participated. For both learner groups, we found the training resulted in significantly higher PCOR knowledge scores regarding “levels of engagement” (p = .008). For the patient/caregiver group, training significantly increased their PCOR knowledge about the barriers/enablers to doing PCOR (p = .017), effective PCOR team elements (p = .039), active participation (p = .012), and identifying solutions for successful PCOR teams (p = .021). For the researcher/healthcare provider group, training significantly increased participants’ ability to describe PCOR core principles (p = .016), identify patient-partners (p = .039), formulate research from patient-driven priorities (p = .039), and describe engagement in research grants (p = .006). No learner group had significant changes in their confidence score. Most participants were either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the training program. Conclusions Overall, our virtual pilot PCOR training program was well received by patients, caregivers, researchers and providers in the CF community. Participants significantly improved their perceived knowledge with core PCOR learning items. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04999865).