Altered small intestinal absorptive enzyme activities in leptin-deficient obese mice: influence of bowel resection

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Kiely ◽  
Jae H. Noh ◽  
Carol L. Svatek ◽  
Henry A. Pitt ◽  
Deborah A. Swartz-Basile
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Small Intestinal

Laparoscopic Small Bowel Resection And Anastmosis For Small Proximal Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presented With Acute Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Case report and Literature review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
khaled S ahmad ◽  
Mohamed S Essa ◽  
Naif A Alenazi
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Gi Bleeding ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Pressure Necrosis ◽  
Lower Gi Bleeding ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Work Up

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is the most common primary nonepithelial neoplasms of the gastointestinal tract, mostly expressing the KIT protein determined by immunohistochemical staining for the CD117 antigen. Jejunal GISTs represent approximately 10% of all GISTs. Abdominal discomfort is the usual presentation. Jejunal GISTs may present with complications such as intestinal obstruction or hemorrhage. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs due to pressure necrosis and ulceration of overlying mucosa, and patients who develop significant bleeding may suffer from fatigue and malaise. Small-bowel GISTs are classified based on size, and several guidelines have recommended conservative treatment for small jejunal GISTs (<2 cm).Case presentation In this report, we describe a 35-year-old male, with a jejunal GIST, who presented with an unusual massive lower GI bleeding. After resuscitation extensive work up, he was taken finally for a diagnostic laparoscopy and resection of the mass.Conclusion Small intestinal GISTs are rare and unusual to present with massive lower GI bleeding.

scholarly journals Elevated hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities in fed and starved adult obese (ob/ob) mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
L J Brady ◽  
P S Brady ◽  
D R Romsos ◽  
C L Hoppel
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Peroxisomal Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Total Carnitine ◽  
Young Mice

Hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities were studied in young (4-5 weeks old) and adult (6-9 months old) lean and obese ob/ob mice that were fed or starved for 24 or 48 h. The adult obese mice showed elevated capacity for mitochondrial oxidation (ng-atoms of O consumed/min per mg of protein) of lipid and non-lipid substrates, with the exception of pyruvate + malate, and elevated activities of citrate synthase and total carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Oxidative rates and enzyme activities were not affected by starvation of lean or obese mice, and both males and females responded similarly. Peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation (nmol/min per mg of peroxisomal protein) was also increased in livers of adult obese mice and did not change with starvation. In young mice, hepatic mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities in lean and obese mice were comparable. The increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidative capacities appear to develop with maturation in obese ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals Novel goblet cell gene related to IgGFcγBP is regulated in adapting gut after small bowel resection

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. G1003-G1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah C. Rubin ◽  
Elzbieta A. Swietlicki ◽  
Hristo Iordanov ◽  
Christine Fritsch ◽  
Marc S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Cell Gene ◽  
Rat Gut

The loss of functional small bowel surface area leads to a well-described adaptive response in the remnant intestine. To elucidate its molecular regulation, a cohort of cDNAs were cloned using a rat gut resection model and subtractive/differential hybridization cloning techniques. This study reports a novel cDNA termed “ileal remnant repressed” (IRR)-219, which shares 80% nucleotide identity with the 3′end of a human intestinal IgG Fc binding protein (IgGFcγBP) and is homologous to human and rat mucins. IRR-219 mRNA is expressed in intestine and colon only. At 48 h after 70% intestinal resection, mRNA levels decreased two- to fivefold in the adaptive small bowel but increased two- to threefold in the colon. Expression of IRR-219 was suppressed in adaptive small bowel as late as 1 wk after resection. IRR-219 expression is also regulated during gut ontogeny. In situ hybridization revealed IRR-219 expression in small intestinal and colonic goblet cells only. Its unique patterns of expression during ontogeny and after small bowel resection suggest distinctive roles in small bowel and colonic adaptation.

scholarly journals The Effects of Boron Derivatives on Lipid Absorption from the Intestine and on Bile Lipids and Bile Acids of Sprague Dawley Rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris H. Hall ◽  
David J. Reynolds ◽  
O. T. Wong ◽  
A. Sood ◽  
B. F. Spielvogel
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Acyl Transferase ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Coa Reductase

N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecylamine borane 1¯ at 8 mg/kg/day, tetrakis-u-(trimethylamine boranecarboxylato)-bis(trimethyl-carboxyborane)-dicopper(II) 2¯ at 2.5 mg/kg/day and trimethylamine-carboxyborane 3¯ at 8 mg/kg/day were evaluated for their effects on bile lipids, bile acids, small intestinal absorption of cholesterol and cholic acid and liver and small intestinal enzyme activities involved in lipid metabolism. The agent administered orally elevated rat bile excretion of lipids, e.g. cholesterol and phospholipids, and compounds 2¯ and 3¯ increased the bile flow rate. These agents altered the composition of the bile acids, but there was no significant increase in lithocholic acid which is most lithogenic agent in rats. The three agents did decrease cholesterol absorption from isolated in situ intestinal duodenum loops in the presence of drug. Hepatic and small intestinal mucosa enzyme activities, e.g. ATP-dependent citrate lyase, acyl CoA cholesterol acyl transferase, cholsterol-7-α -hydroxylase, sn glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase, phosphatidylate phosphohydrolase, and lipoprotein lipase, were reduced. However, the boron derivatives 1¯ and 3¯ decreased hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, the regulatory enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, but the compounds had no effects on small intestinal mucosa HMG-CoA reductase activity. There was no evidence of hepatic cell damage afforded by the drugs based on clinical chemistry values which would induce alterations in bile acid concentrations after treatment of the rat.

Adaptation of rabbit small intestinal brush-border membrane enzymes after extensive bowel resection

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1000-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fresca Swaniker ◽  
Weihong Guo ◽  
Eric W Fonkalsrud ◽  
Tammy Brown ◽  
Laura Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Enzymes ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Brush Border Membrane Enzymes

Humoral growth factor after small intestinal resection in the dog

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1322-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Caussignac ◽  
France David
Keyword(s):  
Monolayer Culture ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Intestinal Adaptation ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Kidney Fibroblast ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Intestinal Transection

The serum of dogs with a 50% proximal small bowel resection is capable of growth stimulation in small intestinal epithelioid cells in monolayer culture. This overstimulation by postresection serum is not seen when dogs undergo either a small intestinal transection or a simple laparotomy or with baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells in culture. The effect does not seem to be represented by a gastrinlike molecule. This study lends support to the hypothesis that a humoral factor is involved in small intestinal adaptation after partial resection.

scholarly journals PSIX-7 Grazing toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue does not influence pancreatic or small intestinal digestive enzyme activities in beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Ronald J Trotta ◽  
James L Klotz ◽  
James Matthews ◽  
Kendall C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Intestinal Protein ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue exposure on pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzyme activities in steers. Twelve fescue-naive beef steers [693 ± 42.7 kg of body weight (BW)] were stratified by BW and randomly assigned within BW ranks to graze non-toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (NTE, n = 6; 0.01 ± 0.009 mg ergovaline + ergovalinine/kg) or toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue (TE, n = 6; 0.50 ± 0.048 mg ergovaline + ergovalinine/kg) pastures for 84 d. After the grazing period, steers were weighed and then slaughtered in three groups for tissue collection. A 1-m segment of the small intestine was collected 5-m distal to the pyloric sphincter. Subsamples of the small intestinal mucosa and pancreas were collected, homogenized in saline, and assayed for protein concentration. Pancreatic and small intestinal digestive enzyme activities were assayed. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS as a randomized complete block design for effects of treatment and slaughter group (blocking factor). Steers grazing NTE pastures had a greater (P &lt; 0.001) average daily gain (0.282 vs -0.631 kg/d) and final BW at slaughter (739 vs 620 kg) than steers grazing TE pastures. Small intestinal segment mass and mucosal density (P ≥ 0.16) were not influenced by treatment. Grazing TE pasture did not influence (P ≥ 0.21) pancreatic or small intestinal protein concentrations. Pancreatic α-amylase and trypsin activity per gram pancreas (P ≥ 0.21) or per gram pancreatic protein (P ≥ 0.30) were not influenced by fescue treatment. Small intestinal glucoamylase, isomaltase, and maltase activities did not differ between steers grazing NTE or TE pastures when expressed per gram of intestinal tissue (P ≥ 0.47) or per gram of intestinal protein (P ≥ 0.60). These data indicate that decreased gains observed in cattle consuming TE are not a result of decreased pancreatic or small intestinal digestive enzyme activities.

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