Do greater amounts of FDI cause higher pollution levels? Evidence from OECD countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Cardoso Marques ◽  
Rafaela Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Pollution Levels

Red and Green: Air Pollution Levels and Left Party Power in OECD Countries

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F King ◽  
A Borchardt
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Previous Attempt ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Left Party ◽  
National Tests ◽  
Party Strength

Recent review articles in environmental policy have called for more rigorous cross-national tests and for better integration with the standard literature on comparative politics and political economy. In this paper we take a first step in that direction, examining the relationship between air pollution and left party strength in seventeen OECD countries. Despite theoretical salience and political relevance, we know of no previous attempt of this sort. Three competing hypotheses exist. First, because of an historic agenda which emphasizes maximum employment and material welfare for the working class, left party strength might be associated with lower than normal environmental quality. Second, given the belief in government intervention to socialize the negative externalities of market capitalism, left party strength might motivate higher than normal environmental quality. Third, despite observed variations in agenda setting, policy formulation, and implementation, skeptics have often replied, “different styles, similar content”, suggesting no party relevance at all. Our analysis, controlling for quantitative energy consumption and qualitative economic structure, reveals a moderate but sustainable inverse relationship between left party strength and per capita levels of air pollution. In the conclusion we speculate how and why this result might occur.

Evidence-based regulation of labour migration in OECD countries: setting quotas, selection criteria, and shortage lists

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chaloff
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Almost All

The growing complexity of selection criteria for discretionary labour migration in OECD countries has been accompanied by an expanded demand for labour market analysis and consultation with stakeholders. While some features of general or detailed criteria may be fixed in legislation, numerical quotas or targets, shortage lists, and multiple-criteria points-based systems are generally subject to periodic review and revision based on labour market data and consultation with stakeholders. Official government bodies have maintained co-ordination of this process, with varying degrees of externalization. In most countries expertise is internal, with recourse to external mandated bodies rare. In almost all cases, however, the process is designed to promote consensus around the policy while maintaining political control.

Effects of Financial Inclusion on Startup Establishment in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Thi Thanh Van ◽  
Nguyen Thuc Trang
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Financial Index ◽  
Enterprise Survey

Financial inclusion and startup are two topics, which recently get attention of academic researchers and policy makers in Vietnam. One of the important factors for setting up a successful startup is the financial capability of the owners. Therefore, financial inclusion has a strong correlation with startup establishment. This article tested the effects of several factors in financial index (findex) developed by World Bank on startup establishment in some OECD countries. The result showed that borrowing from friends and relatives along with from credit institutions and opening a debit account at banks have  significant impacts on startup establishment in these countries. Finally, the article presented several recommendations for policy makers to stimulate the startup growth in Vietnam in the next time. Key words startup, financial inclusion, startup establishment References 1. Colman Msoka (2015), “Financial inclusion and microfinance in Tanzania”, Inclusive growth: Tanzania Country Report2. Endeavor-GEM, 2011, “High-Impact Entrepreneurship Global Report”3. Eric Ries, 2012, “The Lean Startup” book”, http://www.stpia.ir/files/The%20Lean%20Startup%20.pdf 4. European Startup Monitor, 2015, “European Startup Monitor 2015”, http://europeanstartupmonitor.com/fileadmin/presse/download/esm_2015.pdf 5. Jennifer Dahlin Ivarsson (2014), “Mobile-banking and entrepreneurship: Is there a link? A case study on South Africa”, Nationalekonomiska Institutionen, Box 7082, ISSN 0283 – 15896. Maher Al-Mahouq (2010), “Success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs): The case of Jordan”, Anadol University jourmal of social sciences, Cilt/Vol.: 10 – Say/No:1-16 (2010)7. Mohammed S.Chowdhury (2013), “Success factors of entrepreneurs of small and medium sized enterprises: Evidence from Banladesh”, Business and Economic Research, ISSN 2162 – 4860, 2013, Vol.3, No.2.8. OECD, 2015, “Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2015”9. Roman Angela, 2011, “SME’s sector access to finance: An overview”10. Yao Wang, 2014, “What are the biggest obstacles to growth of SMEs in developing countries? An empirical evidence from an enterprise survey”, JED 210 Paper

Firm Size and Public Policies for Business R&D Expenditures in OECD Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24660396 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Youngho Kang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Oecd Countries
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