Functional neuroanatomy of response inhibition in bipolar disorders – Combined voxel based and cognitive performance meta-analysis

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

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293 Predictive utility of a brief scale to identify U.S. Army Soldiers who are genetically vulnerable and resilient to sleep loss

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A117-A117

Author(s):

Janna Mantua ◽

Carolyn Mickelson ◽

Jacob Naylor ◽

Bradley Ritland ◽

Alexxa Bessey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Cognitive Subscale ◽

Army Soldiers ◽

Psychomotor Vigilance

Abstract Introduction Sleep loss that is inherent to military operations can lead to cognitive errors and potential mission failure. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) allele variations of several genes (COMT, ADORA2A, TNFa, CLOCK, DAT1) have been linked with inter-individual cognitive resilience to sleep loss through various mechanisms. U.S. Army Soldiers with resilience-related alleles may be better-suited to perform cognitively-arduous duties under conditions of sleep loss than those without these alleles. However, military-wide genetic screening is costly, arduous, and infeasible. This study tested whether a brief survey of subjective resilience to sleep loss (1) can demarcate soldiers with and without resilience-related alleles, and, if so, (2) can predict cognitive performance under conditions of sleep loss. Methods Six SNPs from the aforementioned genes were sequenced from 75 male U.S. Army special operations Soldiers (age 25.7±4.1). Psychomotor vigilance, response inhibition, and decision-making were tested after a night of mission-driven total sleep deprivation. The Iowa Resilience to Sleeplessness Test (iREST) Cognitive Subscale, which measures subjective cognitive resilience to sleep loss, was administered after a week of recovery sleep. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine whether the iREST Cognitive Subscale can discriminate between gene carriers, and a cutoff score was determined. Cognitive performance after sleep deprivation was compared between those below/above the cutoff score using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The iREST discriminated between allele variations for COMT (ROC=.65,SE=.07,p=.03), with an optimal cutoff score of 3.03 out of 5, with 90% sensitivity and 51.4% specificity. Soldiers below the cutoff score had significantly poorer for psychomotor vigilance reaction time (t=-2.39,p=.02), response inhibition errors of commission (U=155.00,W=246.00,p=.04), and decision-making reaction time (t=2.13,p=.04) than Soldiers above the cutoff score. Conclusion The iREST Cognitive Subscale can discriminate between those with and without specific vulnerability/resilience-related genotypes. If these findings are replicated, the iREST Cognitive Subscale could be used to help military leaders make decisions about proper personnel placement when sleep loss is unavoidable. This would likely result in increased safety and improved performance during military missions. Support (if any) Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command.

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Functional neuroanatomy of blindsight revealed by activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 128 ◽

pp. 109-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alessia Celeghin ◽

Arianna Bagnis ◽

Matteo Diano ◽

Carlos Andrés Méndez ◽

Tommaso Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Likelihood Estimation ◽

Functional Neuroanatomy ◽

Activation Likelihood Estimation

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The Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15122791 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2791 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yanjie Zhang ◽

Chunxiao Li ◽

Liye Zou ◽

Xiaolei Liu ◽

Wook Song

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Aging ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Study Quality ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Control Intervention ◽

Global Cognition ◽

Evidence Database

Background: As the situation of cognitive aging is getting worse, preventing or treating cognitive decline through effective strategies is highly important. This systematic review aims to investigate whether mind-body exercise is an effective approach for treating cognition decline. Methods: Searches for the potential studies were performed on the eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, PsycArtilces, CNKI, and Wanfang). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of mind-body exercise on cognitive performance in older adults were included. Data were extracted and effect sizes were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using random-effects models. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale was employed to examine the study quality. Results: Nineteen RCTs including 2539 elders (67.3% female) with fair to good study quality were identified. Mind-body exercise, relative to control intervention, showed significant benefits on cognitive performance, global cognition (Hedges’g = 0.23), executive functions (Hedges’g = 0.25 to 0.65), learning and memory (Hedges’g = 0.37 to 0.49), and language (Hedges’g = 0.35). In addition, no significant adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Mind-body exercise may be a safe and effective intervention for enhancing cognitive function among people aged 60 years or older. Further research evidence is still needed to make a more conclusive statement.

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Minor Physical Anomalies in Bipolar Disorder—A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.598734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Eszter Varga ◽

András Hajnal ◽

Alexandra Soós ◽

Péter Hegyi ◽

Dóra Kovács ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Quality Of Evidence ◽

Minor Physical Anomalies ◽

The Brain

Introduction: Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) may reflect basic neurobiological features underlying bipolar disorders (BPD), as they are sensitive physical indicators of morphogenetic failure of the brain. Despite several researches about the presence of MPAs in BPD, the results are still controversial.Objectives: The aim of the present meta-analysis was to assess the standardized weighted mean effect sizes of MPAs in BPD and to examine if MPAs may be found predominantly in the head and/or facial regions in BPD patients compared to controls (HC).Methods: Four studies, involving 155 patients with BPD, and 187 HC, were involved in the analysis after searching the literature. For the investigation of MPAs in the peripheral (MPA-P) and in the head and facial regions (MPA-CF), two studies involving 121 BPD patients, and 133 HC passed the inclusion criteria.Results: The number of the MPAs in the BPD group was significantly higher compared to HC. Another important finding of the present study is that BPD patients' MPA-P scores do not significantly differ from those of the HC. In contrast, BPD patients' MPA-CF scores were found to be significantly higher compared to HC subjects. It is important to note that there was a low number of eligible publications included, which caused higher heterogeneity.Conclusions: Low quality of evidence suggests that MPAs are more common in patients with BPD than in HC and the higher rate of MPAs is found predominantly in the head and facial regions.

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Meta-analysis of response inhibition in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Epilepsy & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 107038 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Smith ◽

Marte Syvertsen ◽

Deb K. Pal

Keyword(s):

Response Inhibition ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽

Myoclonic Epilepsy

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Systematic review of the role of gender as a health determinant of hospitalization for depression

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s026646230400090x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 115-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Isabelle Savoie ◽

Denise Morettin ◽

Carolyn J. Green ◽

Arminée Kazanjian

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Primary Data ◽

Health Determinants ◽

Adult Women ◽

Health Determinant ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Reported Data

Objectives:To conduct a systematic review of selected health determinants, including gender, and their impact on hospitalization rates for depression. Depression includes both depressive and bipolar disorders. Selected health determinants were gender, age, sex, family structure, education, and socioeconomic status.Methods:Systematic search of conventional and fugitive literature sources. All reports of primary data, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis of primary data were included if they focused on hospitalization for depression and reported data by one or more of the selected health determinants. Two researchers independently evaluated each citation for inclusion and extracted data from the included studies.Results:There is an important underreporting of health determinants data in studies of hospitalization for depression. No studies examined the role of gender. Age and sex were reported in 83 percent and 80 percent of the 110 included studies. Women showed a higher rate of hospitalization for depression than men (p<.05). Age and diagnosis had different effects in men and women. Adult women were significantly more likely than men to report a depressive disorder, whereas men were more likely to report a bipolar disorder (p<.05). Little can be concluded on the other health determinants.Conclusions:The importance of reporting hospitalization data and conducting hospital utilization analysis by sex and health determinants, including gender, must be emphasized.

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