FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate the influence of adverse life events on the risk of anxiety and depressive disorders in preschool children

SynopsisPsychiatrists used a semi-structured Standardized Psychiatric Examination method to examine 810 adults drawn from a probability sample of eastern Baltimore residents in 1981. Of the population, 5·9% was found to be significantly depressed. DSM-III major depression (MD) had a prevalence of 1·1% and ‘non-major depression’ (nMD), our collective term for the other depressive disorder categories in DSM-III, had a prevalence of 3·4%. The two types of depression differed by sex ratio, age-specific prevalence, symptom severity, symptom profiles, and family history of suicide. Analyses using a multiple logistic regression model discerned that both types of depression were influenced by adverse life events, and that nMD was influenced strongly by gender, marital status, and lack of employment outside the home. Neither type of depression was influenced by income, education, or race. This study validates the concept of major depression as a clinical entity. Future studies of the aetiology, mechanism, and treatment of depression should distinguish between these two types of depression.

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Association between anxiety but not depressive disorders and leukocyte telomere length after 2 years of follow-up in a population-based sample

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291712001766 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 689-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

P. W. Hoen ◽

J. G. M. Rosmalen ◽

R. A. Schoevers ◽

J. Huzen ◽

P. van der Harst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Telomere Length ◽

Life Events ◽

Educational Level ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Antidepressant Use

BackgroundTelomere length is considered an emerging marker of biological aging. Depression and anxiety are associated with excess mortality risk but the mechanisms remain obscure. Telomere length might be involved because it is associated with psychological distress and mortality. The aim of this study was to test whether anxiety and depressive disorders predict telomere length over time in a large population-based sample.MethodAll analyses were performed in a longitudinal study in a general population cohort of 974 participants. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to measure the presence of anxiety and depressive disorders. Telomere length was measured using monochrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at approximately 2 years of follow-up. We used linear multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between anxiety and depressive disorders and telomere length, adjusting for adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use.ResultsThe presence of anxiety disorders predicted shorter telomeres at follow-up (β = –0.073, t = –2.302, p = 0.022). This association was similar after controlling for adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use (β = –0.077, t = –2.144, p = 0.032). No association was found between depressive disorders and shorter telomeres at follow-up (β = 0.010, t = 0.315, p = 0.753).ConclusionsThis study found that anxiety disorders predicted shorter telomere length at follow-up in a general population cohort. The association was not explained by adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use. How anxiety disorders might lead to accelerated telomere shortening and whether this might be a mediator explaining the excess mortality risk associated with anxiety deserve further investigation.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Association between early adverse life events and irritable bowel syndrome.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.715297815.790752821 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Borgaonkar

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Life Events ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Irritable Bowel

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Adverse Life Events as a Potential Cause of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: A Novel, Mixed-Methods Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3692434 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

junyan sun ◽

Yihui Fan ◽

Ying Guo ◽

Huiying Pan ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Life Events ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Ovarian Insufficiency

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The Relationship between Life Events and Personality Style to the Development of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders Among Adolescents

Adolescent Psychiatry ◽

10.2174/2210676610999201208214837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Noga Oschry-Bernstein ◽

Netta Horesh-Reinman ◽

Adar Avnon ◽

Tomer Mevorach ◽

Alan Apter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Life Events ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Personality Characteristics ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Early Trauma

Background:: The separateness of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder as two distinct disorders is often questioned. The aim of the current study is to examine whether there is a different profile of life events and personality characteristics for anxiety and depression disorders in adolescents. Methods:: One hundred forty-six adolescents participated in the study, 57 boys and 89 girls, ranging in age from 11-18 years (mean=15.08+1.97). The study group included 92 adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of depression or anxiety, and the comparison group included 54 teenagers with no known psychopathology. Results:: Multinomial logistic regression produced different predictive profiles for anxiety disorder and for depressive disorders. Life event variables, especially minor life events and early traumas, were found to be predictors for depression. Furthermore, interaction was found between early trauma and minor life events in the prediction of depression, such that the existence of trauma weakened the statistical correlation between minor life events and the onset of depression. In addition, contrary to the literature regarding adults, it was found that during adolescence personality variables have a unique contribution as predictive factors for vulnerability to the onset of anxiety and depression, thus reducing the significance of life events. Conclusion:: Our findings suggest that different profile of life events and personality characteristics can be identified for the two disorders. In addition, it appears that early traumas are a dominant factor that overshadows more recent life events at the onset of depression among adolescents.

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Factors related to age at depression onset: the role of SLC6A4 methylation, sex, exposure to stressful life events and personality in a sample of inpatients suffering from major depression

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03166-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Simon Sanwald ◽

◽

Katharina Widenhorn-Müller ◽

Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona ◽

Christian Montag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Life Events ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Entire Group ◽

Affective Neuroscience ◽

Depression Severity

Abstract Background An early onset of depression is associated with higher chronicity and disability, more stressful life events (SLEs), higher negative emotionality as described by the primary emotion SADNESS and more severe depressive symptomatology compared to depression onset later in life. Additionally, methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is associated with SLEs and depressive symptoms. Methods We investigated the relation of SLEs, SLC6A4 methylation in peripheral blood, the primary emotions SADNESS and SEEKING (measured by the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales) as well as depressive symptom severity to age at depression onset in a sample of N = 146 inpatients suffering from major depression. Results Depressed women showed higher SADNESS (t (91.05) = − 3.17, p = 0.028, d = − 0.57) and higher SLC6A4 methylation (t (88.79) = − 2.95, p = 0.02, d = − 0.55) compared to men. There were associations between SLEs, primary emotions and depression severity, which partly differed between women and men. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) indicated the selection of a model including sex, SLEs, SEEKING and SADNESS for the prediction of age at depression onset. SLC6A4 methylation was not related to depression severity, age at depression onset or SLEs in the entire group, but positively related to depression severity in women. Conclusions Taken together, we provide further evidence that age at depression onset is associated with SLEs, personality and depression severity. However, we found no associations between age at onset and SLC6A4 methylation. The joint investigation of variables originating in biology, psychology and psychiatry could make an important contribution to understanding the development of depressive disorders by elucidating potential subtypes of depression.

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The Role of Nonverbal Cognitive Ability in the Association of Adverse Life Events With Dysfunctional Attitudes and Hopelessness in Adolescence

Archives of Psychiatric Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.apnu.2012.02.004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 411-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eirini Flouri ◽

Constantina Panourgia

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Life Events ◽

Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽

Adverse Life Events

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Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550616675668 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 652-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Randles ◽

Steven J. Heine ◽

Michael Poulin ◽

Roxane Cohen Silver

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Political Attitudes ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

National Sample ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Over Time

Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults ( N = 1,613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to intergroup hostility and aggression toward out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one’s tendency to polarize one’s political attitudes.

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