Metformin and exenatide upregulate hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, sex hormone binding globulin levels and improve hepatic triglyceride deposition in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 105992
Author(s):  
Chuan Xing ◽  
Bo Lv ◽  
Han Zhao ◽  
Dongxu Wang ◽  
Xuesong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Hepatic Triglyceride ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4Α

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Obesity and Serum Anti-mullerian Hormone Level in Chinese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-control Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhao ◽  
Dexin Zhou ◽  
Cong Liu ◽  
Le Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundAnti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) has an important role in the pathophysiological process of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by regulating follicular development and is closely related to the severity of PCOS. Previous studies have suggested that AMH levels in PCOS is related to hyperandrogenemia levels and are affected by obesity and insulin resistance. however, the exact relationship between AMH levels and obesity and insulin resistance remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between insulin resistance and obesity and serum AMH levels in women with PCOS. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 220 women with PCOS who had undergone an assortment of physical, endocrine, and metabolic assessments. AMH levels and various other indicators of PCOS in patients with different body mass indices (BMI) and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were compared. Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to study the correlation between AMH and age, obesity, IR, and other indicators of PCOS, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing AMH. Bilateral tests were performed for all statistical tests. The data were analysed using SPSS v25.0. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided P-value of less than 0.05.ResultsWe found that >50% of patients with PCOS had insulin resistance, obesity, hyperandrogenemia, and abnormal glucose tolerance. AMH, testosterone (T), and HOMA-IR levels were affected by age, and older participants had lower AMH, HOMA-IR, and androgen levels (P < 0.05). Glycated hemoglobin levels were higher and AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and LH levels were lower in non-obese individuals than in obese individuals (both P < 0.05). Participants in the non-insulin resistant (IR; NIR) group were older than those in the IR group (P < 0.05). AMH, LH, LH/FSH, and T levels in the IR group were significantly higher than those in the NIR group (P < 0.05). AMH levels were positively correlated with LH, LH/FSH, T, fasting insulin (FINS), and HOMA-IR levels as well as the free androgen index and negatively correlated with age, BMI, and sex hormone binding globulin levels (P < 0.05). Through multiple linear regression, we found that AMH levels could be explained by T, LH/FSH, FINS, sex hormone binding globulin, LH levels, and BMI.ConclusionsSerum AMH levels were closely related to metabolic abnormalities in PCOS. In patients with PCOS, AMH levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR levels and negatively correlated with BMI. Thus, AMH combined with BMI and HOMA-IR levels could help determine the severity of PCOS.

scholarly journals Associations of insulin resistance, sex hormone-binding globulin, triglyceride, and hormonal profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahia Namavar Jahromi ◽  
Niloofar Borzou ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Parsanezhad ◽  
Zahra Anvar ◽  
Parvin Ghaemmaghami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) occurs in 50–70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and can be applied as a prediabetic feature in PCOS. Objective: In this study, indirect methods including fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), FBS/FI ratio, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were compared with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as a standard technique. The association of IR to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and several hormones was also analyzed. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 74 PCOS women. Sensitivity and specificity of each IR method was calculated based on HOMA-IR. Hormonal profiles of the patients were compared between the groups with defined normal and abnormal values of IR. Results: Triglyceride levels had a positive association with FBS and HOMA-IR (p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively) with a negative association to QUICKI and SHBG (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). SHBG showed a significant negative association with FBS (p = 0.001). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate showed a positive association with FI (p = 0.002). Seven PCOS women showed abnormal SHBG levels (< 36 nmol/L) while expressed normal values of the rest of the studied variables. FI and QUICKI had the highest sensitivity while FBS/FI and QUICKI had the highest specificity when HOMA-IR was applied as a standard test. Conclusion: SHBG and triglyceride had a significant negative and positive association with IR, respectively. HOMA-IR followed by FI and QUICKI is the most sensitive test for the detection of IR. SHBG levels can be a helpful biomarker for the diagnosis of PCOS. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Sex hormone-binding globulin.

Effects of caloric intake timing on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Jakubowicz ◽  
Maayan Barnea ◽  
Julio Wainstein ◽  
Oren Froy
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Meal Timing

In women with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), hyperinsulinaemia stimulates ovarian cytochrome P450c17α activity that, in turn, stimulates ovarian androgen production. Our objective was to compare whether timed caloric intake differentially influences insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in lean PCOS women. A total of 60 lean PCOS women [BMI (body mass index), 23.7±0.2 kg/m2] were randomized into two isocaloric (~1800 kcal; where 1 kcal≈4.184 J) maintenance diets with different meal timing distribution: a BF (breakfast diet) (980 kcal breakfast, 640 kcal lunch and 190 kcal dinner) or a D (dinner diet) group (190 kcal breakfast, 640 kcal lunch and 980 kcal dinner) for 90 days. In the BF group, a significant decrease was observed in both AUCglucose (glucose area under the curve) and AUCinsulin (insulin area under the curve) by 7 and 54% respectively. In the BF group, free testosterone decreased by 50% and SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) increased by 105%. GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)-stimulated peak serum 17OHP (17α-hydroxyprogesterone) decreased by 39%. No change in these parameters was observed in the D group. In addition, women in the BF group had an increased ovulation rate. In lean PCOS women, a high caloric intake at breakfast with reduced intake at dinner results in improved insulin sensitivity indices and reduced cytochrome P450c17α activity, which ameliorates hyperandrogenism and improves ovulation rate. Meal timing and distribution should be considered as a therapeutic option for women with PCOS.

scholarly journals 206 Attainment and maintenance of pubertal cyclicity may predict high A4 cows with reduced fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 118-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea S Cupp ◽  
Sarah Nafziger ◽  
Mohamed Abedal-Majed ◽  
Sarah Tenley ◽  
Mariah Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Cortex ◽  
Calving Season

Abstract The UNL physiology herd has a population of cows that secrete excess androstenedione (A4) in follicular fluid. These High A4 cows are less fertile, have irregular cycles, are often anovulatory, and have similar characteristics to women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Ovarian cortex cultures of High A4 cows secrete more A4 than controls. High A4 cows reached puberty 45 d earlier than control cows. Thus, we hypothesized that heifers reaching puberty earlier were predisposed to become High A4 cows. To test this hypothesis, we collected blood plasma from weaning to breeding (2012–2017) in 611 heifers. A custom SAS program was developed using progesterone >1ng/ml to identify four distinct puberty groups: 1) Early Puberty- 317.0 ± 3.6 days of age (doa) with continued cyclicity (n = 143); 2) Typical Puberty- 378.4 ± 2.1 doa with continued cyclicity (n = 279); 3) Start-Stop Puberty- 265.3 ± 4.1 doa with discontinued cyclicity (n = 91); and 4) Non-Cycling- no P4≥1ng/ml (n = 98). The pattern of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) was increased prior to puberty in Early and Typical and reduced in Start-Stop and Non-Cycling heifers. Early heifers (4.9) had greater prebreeding reproductive tract scores, followed by Typical (4.7), Start-Stop (4.5), and Non-Cycling (4.0) heifers. At breeding, all heifers that showed estrus in response to PGF2a were artificially inseminated. Typical (78.9%), Early (79.5%) and Start-Stop heifers (50.3%) had a greater response compared to Non-Cycling heifers (12.6%). All heifers were exposed to bulls, and overall pregnancy rate was not different. However, a greater percentage of Typical (57.9%), Early (51.0%), and Start-Stop (45.2%) heifers calved in the first 21 d of the calving season compared to Non-Cycling (20.9%). Start-Stop (3.0ng/ml) and Non-Cycling (4.2ng/ml) heifers had increased A4 in ovarian cortex culture media compared to Typical (0.062ng/ml) or Early (0.091ng/ml) puberty heifers. Greater A4 produced by ovarian cortex of Start-Stop and Non-Cycling heifers, irregular cycles and reduced calves in the first 21 d indicates these females may be predisposed to becoming High A4 cows with decreased fertility.

scholarly journals Increased Activation of Nuclear Factor κB Triggers Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1508-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank González ◽  
Neal S. Rote ◽  
Judi Minium ◽  
John P. Kirwan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Context: Insulin resistance and chronic low level inflammation are often present in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hyperglycemia on nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation and inhibitory κB (IκB) from mononuclear cells (MNC) in PCOS. Design and Setting: This was a prospective controlled study conducted at an academic medical center. Patients: The study population consisted of 16 reproductive-age women with PCOS (eight lean, eight obese) and 16 age- and body composition-matched controls (eight lean, eight obese). Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity (IS) was derived from a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT). Intranuclear NFκB and IκB protein expression were quantitated from MNC obtained from blood drawn fasting and 2 h after glucose ingestion. Results: ISOGTT was lower in PCOS compared with controls (3.3 ± 0.3 vs. 6.4 ± 0.9, P &lt; 0.004). The percent change in intranuclear NFκB was higher in lean and obese PCOS compared with lean controls (42.5 ± 19.1 and 54.5 ± 12.5 vs. −14.1 ± 10.9, P &lt; 0.006). The percent change in intranuclear NFκB correlated positively with 2-h post-glucose ingestion levels (r = 0.37; P &lt; 0.04) and plasma testosterone (r = 0.49; P &lt; 0.006) and correlated negatively with ISOGTT (r = 0.39; P &lt; 0.04). The percent change in IκB was lower in lean and obese PCOS compared with lean controls (−22.3 ± 3.2 and −17.0 ± 5.0 vs. 8.4 ± 11.8, P &lt; 0.02). Conclusion: In response to hyperglycemia, intranuclear NFκB increases and IκB decreases in MNC of women with PCOS independent of obesity. This may represent a cardinal inflammatory signal that contributes to the induction of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS.

A Direct Effect of Hyperinsulinemia on Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels in Obese Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

1991 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. NESTLER ◽  
LINDA P. POWERS ◽  
DENNIS W. MATT ◽  
KENNETH A. STEINGOLD ◽  
STEPHEN R. PLYMATE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Ovary Syndrome
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