Loss of Mechanical Strain Impairs Abdominal Wall Fibroblast Proliferation and Function

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
E.J. Culbertson ◽  
L. Xing ◽  
Y. Wen ◽  
M.G. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
And Function

Apigenin Alleviates Renal Fibroblast Activation through AMPK and ERK Signaling Pathways In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118
Author(s):  
Ningning Li ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Yanfei Lei ◽  
Xianghua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Fibroblast Activation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Activated Fibroblasts ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective: Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Activated fibroblasts contribute remarkably to the development of renal fibrosis. Although apigenin has been demonstrated to play a protective role from fibrotic diseases, its pharmacological effect on renal fibroblast activation remains largely unknown. Materials and Methods: Here, we examined the functional role of apigenin in the activation of renal fibroblasts response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its potential mechanisms. Cultured renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were exposed to apigenin (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM), followed by the stimulation of TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. The markers of fibroblast activation were determined. In order to confirm the anti-fibrosis effect of apigenin, the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in renal fibroblasts was assessed. As a consequence, apigenin alleviated fibroblast proliferation and fibroblastmyofibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1. Result: Notably, apigenin significantly inhibited the fibrosis-associated genes expression in renal fibroblasts. Moreover, apigenin treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Apigenin treatment also obviously reduced TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not Smad2/3, p38 and JNK MAPK in renal fibroblasts. Conclusion: In a summary, these results indicate that apigenin inhibits renal fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and function by AMPK activation and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting it could be an attractive therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal fibrosis.

scholarly journals Ventral hernia from routine repairs to abdominal wall reconstruction: our initial experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3348
Author(s):  
Sheetal Ishwarappagol ◽  
Rohit Krishnappa
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Ventral Hernia ◽  
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Postural Stabilization ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ventral Hernias

Background: Loss of continuity of abdominal wall significantly affects the functions of protection of viscera, postural stabilization, and maintenance of intra-abdominal pressure. The newer understanding of abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) aims at restoring abdominal wall anatomy and function, instead of simply patching the defect. We want to showcase the changing trends and results in hernia repair at a Medical Institution.Methods: This is an observational retrospective study conducted in RRMCH, Bengaluru from July 2018-2019 including all patients with ventral hernia undergoing the specified hernia repairs.Results: A total of 54 patients with ventral hernias undergoing routine hernia repairs/AWR surgeries were retrospectively analysed. The overall mean age was 46.62±12.44 year. Majority subjects were females (n=37; 68.5%), and overweight (Mean BMI=28.07±3.01/m2). 14 patients (25.92%), all males, had history of tobacco consumption. There were 38 (70.37%) primary ventral hernias and 7 recurrent hernias. Overall mean defect size was 10.2±0.4 cm. Most frequently performed was open retro rectus Hernioplasty (n=18; 33.33%), followed by open Preperitoneal Hernioplasty (n=17; 31.48%), laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) (n=16; 29.62%) and open transversus abdominis release (TAR) (n=3; 5.5%). On statistical analysis, it was found that Open repairs had higher post-operative pain (p=0.0005), longer hospitalization (p=0.0002) and higher incidence of surgical site events (p=0.0134) when compared to Laparoscopic repairs.Conclusion: As known already, minimally invasive techniques of hernia surgeries are shown to have acceptable outcomes when compared to radical open surgeries. Newer techniques of AWR are being employed to routine cases in larger numbers, and not just for complex reconstruction, at most centres with acceptable outcomes. 

scholarly journals P483The DNA glycosylase Neil3 improves survival in myocardial infarction by regulating fibroblast proliferation and function

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S88.3-S88
Author(s):  
MB Olsen ◽  
GA Hildestrand ◽  
LE Vinge ◽  
K Alfsnes ◽  
I Sjaastad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Dna Glycosylase ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
And Function

Osmosensing by Bacteria: Signals and Membrane-Based Sensors

1999 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membranes ◽  
Cellular Energetics ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nucleoid Structure

SUMMARY Bacteria can survive dramatic osmotic shifts. Osmoregulatory responses mitigate the passive adjustments in cell structure and the growth inhibition that may ensue. The levels of certain cytoplasmic solutes rise and fall in response to increases and decreases, respectively, in extracellular osmolality. Certain organic compounds are favored over ions as osmoregulatory solutes, although K+ fluxes are intrinsic to the osmoregulatory response for at least some organisms. Osmosensors must undergo transitions between “off” and “on” conformations in response to changes in extracellular water activity (direct osmosensing) or resulting changes in cell structure (indirect osmosensing). Those located in the cytoplasmic membranes and nucleoids of bacteria are positioned for indirect osmosensing. Cytoplasmic membrane-based osmosensors may detect changes in the periplasmic and/or cytoplasmic solvent by experiencing changes in preferential interactions with particular solvent constituents, cosolvent-induced hydration changes, and/or macromolecular crowding. Alternatively, the membrane may act as an antenna and osmosensors may detect changes in membrane structure. Cosolvents may modulate intrinsic biomembrane strain and/or topologically closed membrane systems may experience changes in mechanical strain in response to imposed osmotic shifts. The osmosensory mechanisms controlling membrane-based K+ transporters, transcriptional regulators, osmoprotectant transporters, and mechanosensitive channels intrinsic to the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli are under intensive investigation. The osmoprotectant transporter ProP and channel MscL act as osmosensors after purification and reconstitution in proteoliposomes. Evidence that sensor kinase KdpD receives multiple sensory inputs is consistent with the effects of K+ fluxes on nucleoid structure, cellular energetics, cytoplasmic ionic strength, and ion composition as well as on cytoplasmic osmolality. Thus, osmoregulatory responses accommodate and exploit the effects of individual cosolvents on cell structure and function as well as the collective contribution of cosolvents to intracellular osmolality.

Plasty of incisional ventral hernias using a mechanical suture

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
B. L. Elyashevich ◽  
F. Sh. Sharafislamov ◽  
R. M. Ramazanov
Keyword(s):  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Ventral Hernia ◽  
Ventral Hernia Repair ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Mechanical Suture ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ventral Hernias

Developed and applied in patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall a method of plasty with own tissues using a mechanical suture. 109 patients with postoperative and recurrent ventral hernias were operated on. This method of ventral hernia repair allows to restore the anatomy and function of the abdominal wall, standardizes and simplifies the technique of the operation, reducing the time of its implementation, and gives 95.4% positive long-term results.

scholarly journals Concerted Action of Androgens and Mechanical Strain Shifts Bone Metabolism from High Turnover into an Osteoanabolic Mode

2002 ◽  
Vol 196 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute M. Liegibel ◽  
Ulrike Sommer ◽  
Pascal Tomakidi ◽  
Ulrike Hilscher ◽  
Loes van den Heuvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Fibronectin Receptor ◽  
Deformation Strain ◽  
Matrix Deformation ◽  
And Function

Adhesion of bone cells to the extracellular matrix is a crucial requirement for osteoblastic development and function. Adhesion receptors connect the extracellular matrix with the cyto-skeleton and convey matrix deformation into the cell. We tested the hypothesis that sex hormones modulate mechanoperception of human osteoblastic cells (HOB) by affecting expression of adhesion molecules like fibronectin and the fibronectin receptor. Only dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but not 17β-estradiol, stimulated fibronectin (137%) and fibronectin receptor (252%) protein expression. The effects of deformation strain on HOB metabolism were investigated in a FlexerCell® strain unit. Cyclically applied strain (2.5% elongation) increased DNA synthesis (125%) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production (170%) without significantly affecting alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, type I collagen (PICP), or osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion. 10 nM DHT pretreatment abolished the mitogenic response of HOB to strain and increased AP activity (119%), PICP (163%), and OPG production (204%). In conclusion, mechanical strain stimulates bone remodeling by increasing HOB mitosis and IL-6 production. DHT enhances the osteoanabolic impact of deformation strain by increasing bone formation via increased AP activity and PICP production. At the same time, bone resorption is inhibited by decreased IL-6 and increased OPG secretion into the bone microenvironment.

Mycophenolic Acid Displays IMPDH-Dependent and IMPDH-Independent Effects on Renal Fibroblast Proliferation and Function

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darinka T Petrova ◽  
Gunnar Brandhorst ◽  
Franziska Brehmer ◽  
Oliver Gross ◽  
Michael Oellerich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolic Acid ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Unravelling the Mysteries of the Mesentery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunita Gopalan ◽  
Vineetha Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Radiological Patterns ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sponge Layer ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe mesentery and its folds tether the small bowel loops to the posterior abdominal wall. It transmits nerves, vessels, and lymph ensconced in a fatty sponge layer wrapped in a thin glistening peritoneum, from and to the small bowel. Not only does this flexible dynamic fatty apron house various localized primary benign and malignant lesions, it is often involved in and gives an indication of generalized or systemic diseases in the body. An understanding of the anatomy, components, and function of the mesentery helps to classify mesenteric abnormalities. This further allows for characterizing radiological patterns and appearances specific to certain disease entities. Recent reviews of mesenteric anatomy have kindled new interest in its function and clinical applications, heralding the possibility of revision of its role in diseases of the abdomen.

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