Examining the Role of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Anastomotic Leak with an Agent-Based Model of the Interface Between Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Epithelial Cells and the Extracelluar Matrix

AbstractA contact-tracing strategy has been deemed necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 following the relaxation of lockdown measures. Using an agent-based model, we explore one of the technology-based strategies proposed, a contact-tracing smartphone app. The model simulates the spread of COVID-19 in a population of agents on an urban scale. Agents are heterogeneous in their characteristics and are linked in a multi-layered network representing the social structure—including households, friendships, employment and schools. We explore the interplay of various adoption rates of the contact-tracing app, different levels of testing capacity, and behavioural factors to assess the impact on the epidemic. Results suggest that a contact tracing app can contribute substantially to reducing infection rates in the population when accompanied by a sufficient testing capacity or when the testing policy prioritises symptomatic cases. As user rate increases, prevalence of infection decreases. With that, when symptomatic cases are not prioritised for testing, a high rate of app users can generate an extensive increase in the demand for testing, which, if not met with adequate supply, may render the app counterproductive. This points to the crucial role of an efficient testing policy and the necessity to upscale testing capacity.

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Structural Characterization and Binding Studies of the Ectodomain G Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Reveal the Crucial Role of pH with Possible Implications in Host–Pathogen Interactions

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.1c00800 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abu Hamza ◽

Zoya Shafat ◽

Zahoor Ahmad Parray ◽

Malik Hisamuddin ◽

Wajihul Hasan Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

G Protein ◽

Structural Characterization ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Binding Studies ◽

Host Pathogen Interactions ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Syncytial Virus

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Role of pili in adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to mammalian buccal epithelial cells

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.29.3.1146-1151.1980 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1146-1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D E Woods ◽

D C Straus ◽

W G Johanson ◽

V K Berry ◽

J A Bass

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

In Vitro System ◽

Heterologous Antiserum ◽

Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽

Serological Studies ◽

Seriously Ill Patients

Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms to the upper respiratory epithelium of seriously ill patients in vitro is correlated with subsequent colonization of the respiratory tract by this opportunistic pathogen. The role of pili in the attachment to epithelial cells of P. aeruginosa was studied in an in vitro system employing human buccal epithelial cells and P. aeruginosa pretreated by various means. Pretreatment of the bacteria with proteases, heat, or Formalin caused a significant decrease in adherence. A decrease when compared with controls was also noted in the adherence of P. aeruginosa organisms to buccal epithelial cells preincubated with purified pili prepared from the strain used for adherence testing; however, pili prepared from a heterologous strain failed to block adherence. Similar results were obtained in serological studies when antisera to purified pili prepared from the strain used for adherence testing decreased adherence, whereas heterologous antiserum to pili did not decrease adherence. From these results it appears that pili mediate the adherence of P. aeruginosa organisms to human buccal epithelial cells.

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Role of Heterogeneous Behavioral Factors in an Agent-Based Model of Crop Choice and Groundwater Irrigation

Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management ◽

10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 145 (2) ◽

pp. 04018100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yao Hu ◽

Steve Beattie

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Factors ◽

Agent Based Model ◽

Agent Based ◽

Crop Choice ◽

Groundwater Irrigation

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Exploring host-pathogen interactions at the epithelial surface: application of transcriptomics in lung biology

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00242.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (2) ◽

pp. L367-L377 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Joost B. Vos ◽

Nicole A. Datson ◽

Klaus F. Rabe ◽

Pieter S. Hiemstra

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Large Scale ◽

Brain Research ◽

Airway Epithelial Cells ◽

Airway Epithelial ◽

Host Pathogen Interactions ◽

Epithelial Surface ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Host Pathogen

The epithelial surface of the airways is the largest barrier-forming interface between the human body and the outside world. It is now well recognized that, at this strategic position, airway epithelial cells play an eminent role in host defense by recognizing and responding to microbial exposure. Conversely, inhaled microorganisms also respond to contact with epithelial cells. Our understanding of this cross talk is limited, requiring sophisticated experimental approaches to analyze these complex interactions. High-throughput technologies, such as DNA microarray analysis and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), have been developed to screen for gene expression levels at large scale within single experiments. Since their introduction, these hypothesis-generating technologies have been widely used in diverse areas such as oncology and brain research. Successful application of these genomics-based technologies has also revealed novel insights in host-pathogen interactions in both the host and pathogen. This review aims to provide an overview of the SAGE and microarray technology illustrated by their application in the analysis of host-pathogen interactions. In particular, the interactions between epithelial cells in the human lungs and clinically relevant microorganisms are the central focus of this review.

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