The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behaviors: Findings from a National Survey in the United States

LGBTQ Issues and US Foreign Relations

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.380 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Phil Tiemeyer

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

19Th Century ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Foreign Relations ◽

Gender Diversity ◽

The United States ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

The impact of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) issues on U.S. foreign relations is an understudied area, and only a handful of historians have addressed these issues in articles and books. Encounters with unexpected and condemnable (to European eyes) sexual behaviors and gender comportment arose from the first European forays into North America. As such, subduing heterodox sexual and gender expression has always been part of the colonizing endeavor in the so-called New World, tied in with the mission of civilizing and Christianizing the indigenous peoples that was so central to the forging of the United States and pressing its territorial expansion across the continent. These same impulses accompanied the further U.S. accumulation of territory across the Pacific and the Caribbean in the late 19th century, and they persisted even longer and further afield in its citizens’ missionary endeavors across the globe. During the 20th century, as the state’s foreign policy apparatus grew in size and scope, so too did the notions of homosexuality and transgender identity solidify as widely recognizable identity categories in the United States. Thus, it is during the 20th and 21st centuries, with ever greater intensity as the decades progressed, that one finds important influences of homosexuality and gender diversity on U.S. foreign policy: in immigration policies dating back to the late 19th century, in the Lavender Scare that plagued the State Department during the Truman and Eisenhower presidencies, in more contemporary battles between religious conservatives and queer rights activists that have at times been exported to other countries, and in the increasing intersections of LGBTQ rights issues and the War on Terror that has been waged primarily in the Middle East since September 11, 2001.

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Research Note: Smoking in Prisons—A National Survey of Correctional Administrators in the United States

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128793039002007 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 225-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michael S. Vaughn ◽

Rolando V. del Carmen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Case Studies ◽

National Survey ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

The United States ◽

Research Note ◽

Correctional Institutions ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

The Impact

This article presents a national survey that assesses the policies of correctional institutions regarding staff and inmate exposure to secondary tobacco smoke. Correctional administrators from the 50 states were queried about smoking problems in prisons, focusing on disputes among inmates, among staff, and between staff and inmates. The respondents identified nonsmoking areas in their facilities and listed the various administrative responses used to alleviate the problem. The article compares the opinions of administrators on the impact of a policy that restricts or bans smoking with case studies of institutions that have already banned smoking, and concludes that more research is needed to determine the relative pros and cons of restricting or banning smoking in prisons.

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2533. HIV Training Pathways in Residency: A National Survey of Curricula and Outcomes

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2211 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S880-S881

Author(s):

Jehan Budak ◽

David Sears ◽

Brian Wood ◽

Shireesha Dhanireddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Survey ◽

Geographic Area ◽

The United States ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

The West ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Workforce Shortage ◽

Northeast United States ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Despite dramatic advances in the care of people with HIV (PWH), the shortage of HIV providers is worsening. An approach to this workforce shortage has been integration of robust HIV training into residency. We created a national survey to describe curricula and outcomes of formal HIV training pathways and how this may impact the HIV workforce shortage. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study of Internal Medicine (IM) and Family Medicine (FM) Residency HIV pathways in the United States. We identified programs via literature review, internet search, and snowball sampling. A draft survey was piloted with two pathway directors, and in January 2019, the final survey was sent via email to all pathway directors. This survey included 33-items, predominantly quantitative, and focused on program organization, curricular content, graduate outcomes, and challenges. We used descriptive statistics to summarize numeric responses. Results Twenty-five residency programs with dedicated HIV pathways were identified; 11 IM and 15 FM. The majority of the programs are in the West and Northeast United States. Twenty-four (96%) of programs have completed the survey. Since the first program was established in 2006, 228 residents have graduated from HIV pathways in the United States (151 IM, 77 FM). Programs have varying goals, application procedures, clinical requirements, didactic structures, graduation requirements, and assessments of competency. Of graduates, 108 (47%) have American Academy of HIV Medicine (AAHIVM) certification. Ninety-two (42%) of graduates are reported as currently providing primary care to ≥ 20 PWH (the majority in the West and Northeast United States). The most commonly cited reported barrier to graduates finding jobs caring for PWH are lack of job opportunities in their geographic area. Conclusion HIV pathways in IM and FM programs are heterogenous in their structure and curricula. Less than 50% of pathway graduates remain in the HIV provider workforce, and the majority of those work in the West and Northeast United States. The impact of these programs might be enhanced by interventions to increase graduate retention in this workforce and to launch pathways in the areas of greatest need, such as the Southern United States. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gardening in the United States: Postpandemic Expectations

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04911-21 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38

Author(s):

David San Fratello ◽

Benjamin L. Campbell ◽

William G. Secor ◽

Julie H. Campbell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Survey ◽

Household Income ◽

The United States ◽

Age Group ◽

New Normal ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Green Industry ◽

Normal Green ◽

The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the way many consumers and businesses transacted business. Concerning the green industry, many households began gardening and/or purchased more green industry products. As the pandemic ends and households begin to return to normal, green industry firms need to understand this new normal. Using an online national survey of households, we assessed which households were more likely to remain in the market after entering during the height of the pandemic (2020). Findings indicated that younger consumers (i.e., Millennials and younger individuals who were born in 1985 or after) were less likely to indicate they always garden (before the pandemic) but more likely to have started gardening during the pandemic and perceived that they would not continue to garden as states returned to normal (2021). This age group was also more likely to not have gardened in 2020, but they intended to garden in 2021. This finding shows a dichotomy in gardening preferences in this young age group. Further findings indicated that race, household income, number of children in the household, and the impact of the pandemic on the household also help explain the household’s decision to garden or not.

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Christian America? Understanding the Link between Churches, Attitudes, and “Being American” among Latino Immigrants

Politics and Religion ◽

10.1017/s1755048314000042 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 339-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Benjamin Taylor ◽

Sarah Allen Gershon ◽

Adrian D. Pantoja

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Latino Immigrants ◽

American Identity ◽

Evangelical Churches ◽

New Americans ◽

Church Affiliation ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn recent decades, Evangelical churches in the United States have expanded their outreach to Latino immigrants, seeking to incorporate these new Americans into their churches. We investigate the implications of this movement by examining the impact of church affiliation on Latino immigrants’ conceptions of what it means to be “fully American.” Relying on the 2006 Latino National Survey, we find that church affiliation significantly impacts immigrants’ beliefs about what it means to “be American” in the eyes of other Americans and the likelihood of identifying themselves as “American.” Specifically, Protestant Latinos (be they mainline or Evangelical) are more likely than Catholic Latinos (the majority of Latinos) to identify as American and to believe that Americans think being a Christian is a defining feature of American identity. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings.

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