Thermal tolerance of cyprinids along an urban-rural gradient: Plasticity, repeatability and effects of swimming and temperature shock

2021 ◽  
pp. 103047
Author(s):  
Jay A. Nelson ◽  
Kelly J. Rieger ◽  
Danielle Gruber ◽  
Melinda Cutler ◽  
Bailee Buckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Gradient Plasticity ◽  
Temperature Shock ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals Evolution, not transgenerational plasticity, explains the divergence of acorn ant thermal tolerance across an urban-rural temperature cline

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Martin ◽  
Lacy D. Chick ◽  
Aaron R. Yilmaz ◽  
Sarah E. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Pure Type ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
F2 Generation

AbstractDisentangling the mechanisms of phenotypic shifts in response to environmental change is critical, and although studies increasingly disentangle phenotypic plasticity from evolutionary change, few explore the potential role for transgenerational plasticity in this context. Here, we evaluate the potential role that transgenerational plasticity plays in phenotypic divergence of acorn ants in response to urbanization. F2 generation worker ants (offspring of lab-born queens) exhibited similar divergence among urban and rural populations as F1 generation worker ants (offspring of field-born queens) indicating that evolutionary differentiation rather than transgenerational plasticity was responsible for shifts towards higher heat tolerance and diminished cold tolerance in urban acorn ants. Hybrid matings between urban and rural populations provided further insight into the genetic architecture of thermal adaptation. Heat tolerance of hybrids more resembled the urban-urban pure type, whereas cold tolerance of hybrids more resembled the rural-rural pure type. As a consequence, thermal tolerance traits in this system appear to be influenced by dominance rather than being purely additive traits, and heat and cold tolerance might be determined by separate genes. Though transgenerational plasticity does not explain divergence of acorn ant thermal tolerance, its role in divergence of other traits and across other urbanization gradients merits further study.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of ant thermal tolerance across an urban-rural temperature cline

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Diamond ◽  
Lacy Chick ◽  
Abe Perez ◽  
Stephanie A. Strickler ◽  
Ryan A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals Reduced thermal variability in cities and its impact on honey bee thermal tolerance

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Sánchez-Echeverría ◽  
Ignacio Castellanos ◽  
Luis Mendoza-Cuenca ◽  
Iriana Zuria ◽  
Gerardo Sánchez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Variability

Urbanization is one of the most significant land cover transformations, and while climate alteration is one of its most cited ecological consequences we have very limited knowledge on its effect on species’ thermal responses. We investigated whether changes in environmental thermal variability caused by urbanization influence thermal tolerance in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in a semi-arid city in central Mexico. Ambient environmental temperature and honey bee thermal tolerance were compared in urban and rural sites. Ambient temperature variability decreased with urbanization due to significantly higher nighttime temperatures in urban compared to rural sites and not from differences in maximum daily temperatures. Honey bee thermal tolerance breadth [critical thermal maxima (CTmax)—critical thermal minima (CTmin)] was narrower for urban bees as a result of differences in cold tolerance, with urban individuals having significantly higher CTminthan rural individuals, and CTmaxnot differing among urban and rural individuals. Honey bee body size was not correlated to thermal tolerance, and body size did not differ between urban and rural individuals. We found that honey bees’ cold tolerance is modified through acclimation. Our results show that differences in thermal variability along small spatial scales such as urban-rural gradients can influence species’ thermal tolerance breadths.

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Immigrants in Western Greece Region: Urban – Rural Continuum or Divide?

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Iosifides ◽  
Thanasis Kizos ◽  
Elektra Petracou ◽  
Ekaterini Malliotaki ◽  
Konstantina Katsimantou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Western Greece

This paper aims at an investigation of factors of differentiation of basic social and economic characteristics of foreign immigrants in the Region of Western Greece. The paper explores whether the thesis of urban-rural divide is relevant for the differentiation of immigrants’ socio-economic characteristics in a typical Region of Greece, where there is a strong interplay between major urban centers and large rural areas. Findings show that spatial factors play a very limited role in the differentiation of socio-economic characteristics of immigrants and indicate that other factors are more important. Thus, and as regards socio-economic characteristics of immigrants, the overall picture is that of urban-rural continuum rather than divide. 

A review on the prerequisites of Evidence-Based Curriculum as a driver to skills development of the leather value chain in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mwinyikione Mwinyihija
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Review Study

The review study closely introspects’ on the prerequisites of evidence-based curriculum within the realms of specialized skills development agenda as pursued through higher education Institutions in Africa. Explicitly, the constraining factors that bedevil the leather sector are identifiable when appropriate research designs tools are applied. As such, in the process of identifying the constraints, renascence themes could, therefore, be beneficial in collecting evidence in support of developing curriculum. Such a developed curriculum stands higher chances of acceptability and aptly mitigates against challenges related to specialized skills development. The review succinctly indicates that in the process of identifying the themes, the scope of collecting evidence becomes attainable, thus, improving curricula that entails a participatory and transformative orientation. Indeed, during the review phase of the study, three main perspectives are depicted to be consequential in attaining a comprehensive, evidence-based curriculum, such as; action research, backward curriculum design perspective and theoretical perspective. Therefore, about this perspective, a reflection based on personal experiences and related to new knowledge with what they already know leads to constructivism. The relevancy of a constructivist strategy is observed to facilitate the observatory and evaluative stance during the development of evidence-based curriculum. Moreover, in consolidating and sustaining the benefit of such a developed curriculum, threshold concept was found during the review that it complements the process and strengthens the collecting evidence for curriculum development. Accordingly, therefore, the result of the review study indicate that Africa would  position itself for initiating transformational changes in aspects of specialized higher education, fruition towards socio-economic benefits (e.g. employment, wealth creation and technology transfer), reversal of urban-rural or inter/intra continental migration flurry.

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