scholarly journals Modelling to Determine the Price and Identify Critical Data Gaps During Vaccine Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. A730
Author(s):  
P Davey ◽  
M Ball
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Data Gaps

scholarly journals The Rise of the Data Poor: The COVID-19 Pandemic Seen From the Margins

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512094823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Milan ◽  
Emiliano Treré
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global South ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Relief Efforts

Quantification is central to the narration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numbers determine the existence of the problem and affect our ability to care and contribute to relief efforts. Yet many communities at the margins, including many areas of the Global South, are virtually absent from this number-based narration of the pandemic. This essay builds on critical data studies to warn against the universalization of problems, narratives, and responses to the virus. To this end, it explores two types of data gaps and the corresponding “data poor.” The first gap concerns the data poverty perduring in low-income countries and jeopardizing their ability to adequately respond to the pandemic. The second affects vulnerable populations within a variety of geopolitical and socio-political contexts, whereby data poverty constitutes a dangerous form of invisibility which perpetuates various forms of inequality. But, even during the pandemic, the disempowered manage to create innovative forms of solidarity from below that partially mitigate the negative effects of their invisibility.

scholarly journals Potential regional air quality impacts of cannabis cultivation facilities in Denver, Colorado

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 13973-13987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Tsan Wang ◽  
Christine Wiedinmyer ◽  
Kirsti Ashworth ◽  
Peter C. Harley ◽  
John Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Available Information ◽  
New Industry

Abstract. The legal commercialization of cannabis for recreational and medical use has effectively created a new and almost unregulated cultivation industry. In 2018, within the Denver County limits, there were more than 600 registered cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) for recreational and medical use, mostly housed in commercial warehouses. Measurements have found concentrations of highly reactive terpenes from the headspace above cannabis plants that, when released in the atmosphere, could impact air quality. Here we developed the first emission inventory for cannabis emissions of terpenes. The range of possible emissions from these facilities was 66–657 t yr−1 of terpenes across the state of Colorado; half of the emissions are from Denver County. Our estimates are based on the best available information and highlight the critical data gaps needed to reduce uncertainties. These realizations of inventories were then used with a regulatory air quality model, developed by the state of Colorado to predict regional ozone impacts. It was found that most of the predicted changes occur in the vicinity of CCFs concentrated in Denver. An increase of 362 t yr−1 in terpene emissions in Denver County resulted in increases of up to 0.34 ppb in hourly ozone concentrations during the morning and 0.67 ppb at night. Model predictions indicate that in Denver County every 1000 t yr−1 increase in terpenes results in 1 ppb increase in daytime hourly ozone concentrations and a maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) increase of 0.3 ppb. The emission inventories developed here are highly uncertain, but highlight the need for more detailed cannabis and CCF data to fully understand the possible impacts of this new industry on regional air quality.

scholarly journals Potential Regional Air Quality Impacts of Cannabis Cultivation Facilities in Denver, Colorado

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Tsan Wang ◽  
Christine Wiedinmyer ◽  
Kirsti Ashworth ◽  
Peter C. Harley ◽  
John Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Available Information ◽  
New Industry

Abstract. The legal commercialization of cannabis for recreational and medical use has effectively created a new and almost unregulated cultivation industry. In 2018, within the Denver County limits, there were more than 600 registered cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) for recreational and medical use, mostly housed in commercial warehouses. Measurements have found concentrations of highly reactive terpenes from the headspace above cannabis plants that, when released in the atmosphere, could impact air quality. Here we developed the first emission inventory for cannabis emissions of terpenes. The range of possible emissions from these facilities was 66–657 metric tons/year of terpenes across the state of Colorado; half of the emissions are from Denver County. Our estimates are based on the best available information and highlight the critical data gaps needed to reduce uncertainties. These realizations of inventories were then used with a regulatory air quality model, developed by the State of Colorado to predict regional ozone impacts. It was found that most of the predicted changes occur in the vicinity of CCFs concentrated in Denver. An increase of 362 metric tons/year of terpene emissions in Denver County resulted in increases of up to 0.34 ppb in hourly ozone concentrations during the morning and 0.67 ppb at night. Model predictions indicate that in Denver County every 1,000 metric tons/year increase of terpenes results in 1 ppb increase in daytime hourly ozone concentrations and a maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) increase of 0.3 ppb. The emission inventories developed here are highly uncertain, but highlight the need for more detailed cannabis and CCFs data to fully understand the possible impacts of this new industry on regional air quality.

Prevalence, Concentrations, and Antibiotic Sensitivities of Salmonella Serovars in Poultry from Retail Establishments in Seattle, Washington

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MAZENGIA ◽  
M. SAMADPOUR ◽  
H. W. HILL ◽  
K. GREESON ◽  
K. TENNEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Product Type ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Processed Products

Poultry have been identified as one of the major sources of salmonellosis, with estimates ranging from 10 to 22% of total cases. Despite several advances in the industry and new performance standards, the incidence of salmonellosis in the population has not declined over the last 15 years. Salmonella is pervasive in a wide variety of foods, and thus, estimating its burden resulting from specific food categories has been challenging and plagued with uncertainty due to critical data gaps. The objective of this study was to conduct a year-long market survey (1,322 samples) to help bridge the data gaps on the contamination rates and levels of Salmonella on raw poultry by product type (i.e., breast, thighs, drums, wings, and split breast) and production method (conventional versus organic). The isolates recovered were serotyped and tested for antibiotic sensitivities. A PCR method was utilized for initial screening of samples after an overnight enrichment in tryptic soy broth. Three-tube most-probable-number (MPN) assays and anti-Salmonella immunomagnetic separation methods were utilized to determine the levels of Salmonella and aid with the recovery of Salmonella species, respectively. Eleven percent of the samples were positive for Salmonella. Significant differences in percent positive rates by product type included up to a 4-fold difference in percent positive rates between establishments, ranging from 7 to 31%. Of the samples positive for Salmonella species, 94% had <30 MPN/100 g. Production methods identified as organic or as not using antibiotics had significantly higher rates of recovery of Salmonella. On the other hand, all of the Salmonella isolates that were resistant to two or more antibiotics originated from conventional processing establishments where antibiotics were utilized. In addition, a significant proportion of isolates from conventionally processed products were serotypes clinically relevant to humans.

scholarly journals Diet studies of seabirds: a review and recommendations

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Barrett ◽  
Kees (C. J.) Camphuysen ◽  
Tycho Anker-Nilssen ◽  
John W. Chardine ◽  
Robert W. Furness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Dietary Data

AbstractBarrett, R. T., Camphuysen, C. J., Anker-Nilssen, T., Chardine, J. W., Furness, R. W., Garthe, S., Hüppop, O., Leopold, M. F., Montevecchi, W. A., and Veit, R. R. 2007. Diet studies of seabirds: a review and recommendations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64. We review the different methods that are used to collect dietary data from marine birds. We consider their limitations and practicalities and emphasize critical data gaps in our knowledge of the feeding ecology of seabirds (na mely diets outside breeding seasons). To enhance comparability of findings among studies, species, and oceanographic regions, we make recommendations on standards for the reporting of results in the literature.

scholarly journals Over 100 Years of Rift Valley Fever: A Patchwork of Data on Pathogen Spread and Spillover

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Gebbiena M. Bron ◽  
Kathryn Strimbu ◽  
Hélène Cecilia ◽  
Anita Lerch ◽  
Sean M. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Combined Data

During the past 100 years, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a mosquito-borne virus, has caused potentially lethal disease in livestock, and has been associated with significant economic losses and trade bans. Spillover to humans occurs and can be fatal. Here, we combined data on RVF disease in humans (22 countries) and animals (37 countries) from 1931 to 2020 with seroprevalence studies from 1950 to 2020 (n = 228) from publicly available databases and publications to draw a more complete picture of the past and current RVFV epidemiology. RVFV has spread from its original locus in Kenya throughout Africa and into the Arabian Peninsula. Throughout the study period seroprevalence increased in both humans and animals, suggesting potentially increased RVFV exposure. In 24 countries, animals or humans tested positive for RVFV antibodies even though outbreaks had never been reported there, suggesting RVFV transmission may well go unnoticed. Among ruminants, sheep were the most likely to be exposed during RVF outbreaks, but not during periods of cryptic spread. We discuss critical data gaps and highlight the need for detailed study descriptions, and long-term studies using a one health approach to further convert the patchwork of data to the tale of RFV epidemiology.

scholarly journals Challenges of a mature Russian field's redevelopment – Advantages and disadvantages of quick-look geologic modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Nemes ◽  
Szilvia Szilágyi Sebők ◽  
István Csató
Keyword(s):  
Well Placement ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Geologic Model ◽  
Mature Field ◽  
Geologic Data

AbstractDue to the global oil price crisis in 2014, one of the MOL's preventive/reactive measures was to identify geologically or commercially risky elements within their portfolio. This involved reevaluation of all geologic data from Field A in the Volga-Urals Basin. In re-evaluating Field A, several unexpected challenges, problems and pitfalls were faced by the interdisciplinary team performing the task of building a new database, quality checking, and interpreting data dating back to 1947. To overcome these challenges related to this mature field, new approaches and fit-for-purpose methods were required in order to achieve the overall goal of obtaining a reliable estimation of remaining hydrocarbon potential. In the first phase a first-pass 3D geologic model was constructed, along with wrangling, cleaning and interpreting 70 years of subsurface data. This paper focuses on the main challenges involved in evaluating or reevaluating reservoir aspects of a mature field.The primary challenges were related to the estimation of remaining in-place hydrocarbon volumes, the optimization of infill well placement, the identification of primary and secondary well targets, the identification of critical data gaps, and the planning of new data acquisitions. The hands-on experience gained during the development of the geologic model provided invaluable information for the next steps needed in the redevelopment of the field.

scholarly journals Filling OpenStreetMap data gaps in rural Nepal: a digital youth internship and leadership Programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Khanal ◽  
Nama Raj Budhathoki ◽  
Nancy Erbstein
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Youth Leadership ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Youth Leadership Development ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Rural Nepal

Abstract Crowdsourced, open geospatial data such as the data compiled through OpenStreetMap have proven useful in addressing humanitarian, disaster and development needs. However, the existing ways in which volunteers engage in OpenStreetMap have inherent limitations that lead to critical data gaps in economically underdeveloped countries and regions. Various initiatives that target specific geospatial data gaps and engage volunteers for longer periods have emerged to overcome these limitations, yet there has been limited in-depth study of such targeted mapping initiatives. This article reports the findings from Digital Internship and Leadership (DIAL), a programme designed to fill data gaps in rural Nepal by engaging young people in mapping rural Nepal by integrating targeted mapping, a virtual internship strategy and youth leadership development. The findings suggest the potential benefits of targeted mapping initiatives embedded in youth leadership internship programmes to address those critical data gaps.

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