scholarly journals Challenges of a mature Russian field's redevelopment – Advantages and disadvantages of quick-look geologic modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Nemes ◽  
Szilvia Szilágyi Sebők ◽  
István Csató
Keyword(s):  
Well Placement ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Geologic Model ◽  
Mature Field ◽  
Geologic Data

AbstractDue to the global oil price crisis in 2014, one of the MOL's preventive/reactive measures was to identify geologically or commercially risky elements within their portfolio. This involved reevaluation of all geologic data from Field A in the Volga-Urals Basin. In re-evaluating Field A, several unexpected challenges, problems and pitfalls were faced by the interdisciplinary team performing the task of building a new database, quality checking, and interpreting data dating back to 1947. To overcome these challenges related to this mature field, new approaches and fit-for-purpose methods were required in order to achieve the overall goal of obtaining a reliable estimation of remaining hydrocarbon potential. In the first phase a first-pass 3D geologic model was constructed, along with wrangling, cleaning and interpreting 70 years of subsurface data. This paper focuses on the main challenges involved in evaluating or reevaluating reservoir aspects of a mature field.The primary challenges were related to the estimation of remaining in-place hydrocarbon volumes, the optimization of infill well placement, the identification of primary and secondary well targets, the identification of critical data gaps, and the planning of new data acquisitions. The hands-on experience gained during the development of the geologic model provided invaluable information for the next steps needed in the redevelopment of the field.

Science Fiction and Administrative Truths: The Short Story and Novella as Administrative Cases

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nolan J. Argyle ◽  
Lee M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Organizational Complexity ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On

Pre-service and in-service MPA students share a common desire for hands-on, real world instruction related to their professional career goals, leading to a pedagogic discounting of fiction as an appropriate tool for analyzing and "solving" problems. However, several factors weigh heavily in favor of using science fiction short stories and novellas in the MPA classroom setting. These include the need for interesting case scenarios exploring various administrative issues; leveling the playing field between the two types of students by de-emphasizing the use of "contemporary" cases; access to literature that explores the future shock of increasing organizational complexity; and the desirability of Rorschach type materials that facilitate discussion of. values and administrative truths. The discussion proceeds by tracing the development of the case study technique, its advantages and disadvantages in the classroom, addressing the utility of "fiction" as an educational resource, and showing how the science fiction literature has matured to the point where it can be applied in all of the major sub-fields of public administration. Several outstanding examples are detailed, and a thorough bibliography is provided.

scholarly journals The Rise of the Data Poor: The COVID-19 Pandemic Seen From the Margins

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630512094823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Milan ◽  
Emiliano Treré
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global South ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Relief Efforts

Quantification is central to the narration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numbers determine the existence of the problem and affect our ability to care and contribute to relief efforts. Yet many communities at the margins, including many areas of the Global South, are virtually absent from this number-based narration of the pandemic. This essay builds on critical data studies to warn against the universalization of problems, narratives, and responses to the virus. To this end, it explores two types of data gaps and the corresponding “data poor.” The first gap concerns the data poverty perduring in low-income countries and jeopardizing their ability to adequately respond to the pandemic. The second affects vulnerable populations within a variety of geopolitical and socio-political contexts, whereby data poverty constitutes a dangerous form of invisibility which perpetuates various forms of inequality. But, even during the pandemic, the disempowered manage to create innovative forms of solidarity from below that partially mitigate the negative effects of their invisibility.

scholarly journals Potential regional air quality impacts of cannabis cultivation facilities in Denver, Colorado

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 13973-13987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Tsan Wang ◽  
Christine Wiedinmyer ◽  
Kirsti Ashworth ◽  
Peter C. Harley ◽  
John Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Available Information ◽  
New Industry

Abstract. The legal commercialization of cannabis for recreational and medical use has effectively created a new and almost unregulated cultivation industry. In 2018, within the Denver County limits, there were more than 600 registered cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) for recreational and medical use, mostly housed in commercial warehouses. Measurements have found concentrations of highly reactive terpenes from the headspace above cannabis plants that, when released in the atmosphere, could impact air quality. Here we developed the first emission inventory for cannabis emissions of terpenes. The range of possible emissions from these facilities was 66–657 t yr−1 of terpenes across the state of Colorado; half of the emissions are from Denver County. Our estimates are based on the best available information and highlight the critical data gaps needed to reduce uncertainties. These realizations of inventories were then used with a regulatory air quality model, developed by the state of Colorado to predict regional ozone impacts. It was found that most of the predicted changes occur in the vicinity of CCFs concentrated in Denver. An increase of 362 t yr−1 in terpene emissions in Denver County resulted in increases of up to 0.34 ppb in hourly ozone concentrations during the morning and 0.67 ppb at night. Model predictions indicate that in Denver County every 1000 t yr−1 increase in terpenes results in 1 ppb increase in daytime hourly ozone concentrations and a maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) increase of 0.3 ppb. The emission inventories developed here are highly uncertain, but highlight the need for more detailed cannabis and CCF data to fully understand the possible impacts of this new industry on regional air quality.

scholarly journals Potential Regional Air Quality Impacts of Cannabis Cultivation Facilities in Denver, Colorado

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Tsan Wang ◽  
Christine Wiedinmyer ◽  
Kirsti Ashworth ◽  
Peter C. Harley ◽  
John Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The State ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Regional Air Quality ◽  
Available Information ◽  
New Industry

Abstract. The legal commercialization of cannabis for recreational and medical use has effectively created a new and almost unregulated cultivation industry. In 2018, within the Denver County limits, there were more than 600 registered cannabis cultivation facilities (CCFs) for recreational and medical use, mostly housed in commercial warehouses. Measurements have found concentrations of highly reactive terpenes from the headspace above cannabis plants that, when released in the atmosphere, could impact air quality. Here we developed the first emission inventory for cannabis emissions of terpenes. The range of possible emissions from these facilities was 66–657 metric tons/year of terpenes across the state of Colorado; half of the emissions are from Denver County. Our estimates are based on the best available information and highlight the critical data gaps needed to reduce uncertainties. These realizations of inventories were then used with a regulatory air quality model, developed by the State of Colorado to predict regional ozone impacts. It was found that most of the predicted changes occur in the vicinity of CCFs concentrated in Denver. An increase of 362 metric tons/year of terpene emissions in Denver County resulted in increases of up to 0.34 ppb in hourly ozone concentrations during the morning and 0.67 ppb at night. Model predictions indicate that in Denver County every 1,000 metric tons/year increase of terpenes results in 1 ppb increase in daytime hourly ozone concentrations and a maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) increase of 0.3 ppb. The emission inventories developed here are highly uncertain, but highlight the need for more detailed cannabis and CCFs data to fully understand the possible impacts of this new industry on regional air quality.

Evaluating the Cost and Effectiveness of Customer Training Methods

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-331
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Training Effectiveness ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Customer Training

The talk will deal with alternative methods of training customers to use new telephone services. Various measures of training effectiveness will be discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations. It will be argued that several measures—including cost—must be taken into account when evaluating training approaches. Two field studies will be described that examine several different types of training: (1) “Hands On” (demonstration) vs. “No Hands On” training; (2) Media-based vs. Lecture-based training; (3) “Live” training vs. Self-Instruction. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be described in terms of several measures of training effectiveness.

scholarly journals Uncertainty reduction through geologically conditioned petrophysical constraints in joint inversion

Geophysics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. ID19-ID34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Giraud ◽  
Evren Pakyuz-Charrier ◽  
Mark Jessell ◽  
Mark Lindsay ◽  
Roland Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Subsurface Imaging ◽  
Model Geometry ◽  
Geologic Model ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Complex Geology ◽  
Geologic Data

We have developed a joint geophysical inversion workflow that aims to improve subsurface imaging and decrease uncertainty by integrating petrophysical constraints and geologic data. In this framework, probabilistic geologic modeling is used as a source of information to condition the petrophysical constraints spatially and to derive starting models. The workflow then uses petrophysical measurements to constrain the values retrieved by geophysical joint inversion. The different sources of constraints are integrated into a least-squares framework to capture and integrate information related to geophysical, petrophysical, and geologic data. This allows us to quantify the posterior state of knowledge and to calculate posterior statistical indicators. To test this workflow, using geologic field data, we have generated a set of geologic models, which we used to derive a probabilistic geologic model. In this synthetic case study, we found that the integration of geologic information and petrophysical constraints in geophysical joint inversion could reduce uncertainty and improve imaging. In particular, the use of petrophysical constraints retrieves sharper boundaries and better reproduces the statistics of the observed petrophysical measurements. The integration of probabilistic geologic modeling permits more accurate retrieval of model geometry, and it better constrains the solution while still satisfying the statistics derived from geologic data. The analysis of statistical indicators at each step of the workflow indicates that (1) the inversion methodology is effective when applied to complex geology and (2) the integration of prior information and constraints from geology and petrophysics significantly improves the inversion results while decreasing uncertainty. Finally, the analysis of uncertainty to the integration of the conditioned petrophysical constraints also indicates that, for this example, the best results are obtained for joint inversion using petrophysical constraints spatially conditioned by geologic modeling.

scholarly journals Comparable Intestinal and Hepatic First-Pass Effect of YL-IPA08 on the Bioavailability and Effective Brain Exposure, a Rapid Anti-PTSD and Anti-Depression Compound

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Gao ◽  
Chunmiao Yang ◽  
Lingchao Wang ◽  
Yanan Xiang ◽  
Wenpeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Difference ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
First Pass Effect ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Brain Exposure ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Fit For Purpose

YL-IPA08, exerting rapid antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects on behaviors by translocator protein (TSPO) mediation, is a novel compound that has been discovered and developed at our institute. Fit-for-purpose pharmacokinetic properties is urgently needed to be discovered as early as possible for a new compound. YL-IPA08 exhibited low bioavailability (∼6%) during the preliminary pharmacokinetics study in rats after oral administration. Our aim was to determine how metabolic disposition by microsomal P450 enzymes in liver and intestine limited YL-IPA08’s bioavailability and further affected brain penetration to the target. Studies of in vitro metabolic stability and permeability combined with in vivo oral bioavailability, panel CYP inhibitor co-administration via different routes, and double cannulation rats were conducted to elucidate the intestinal and hepatic first-pass effect of YL-IPA08 on bioavailability. Unbound brain-to-plasma ratio (Kp,uu) in rats was determined at steady state. Results indicated that P450-mediated elimination appeared to be important for its extensive first-pass effect with comparative contribution of gut (35%) and liver (17%), and no significant species difference was observed. The unbound concentration of YL-IPA08 in rat brain (6.5 pg/ml) was estimated based on Kp,uu (0.18) and was slightly higher than in vitro TSPO-binding activity (4.9 pg/ml). Based on the onset efficacy of YL-IPA08 toward TPSO in brain and Kp,uu, therapeutic human plasma concentration was predicted to be ∼27.2 ng/ml would easily be reached even with unfavorable bioavailability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document