Ethical Requirements for the Conduct of Drug Utilization Studies in Latin America: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%) and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution [ORS] and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by health care providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

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Community-Based Participatory Research and Drug Utilization Research to Improve Childhood Diarrhea Case Management in Ujjain, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16091646 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1646

Author(s):

Aditya Mathur ◽

Devendra Baghel ◽

Jitendra Jaat ◽

Vishal Diwan ◽

Ashish Pathak

Keyword(s):

Case Management ◽

Drug Utilization ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Household Waste ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Utilization Research ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Drug Utilization Research

Childhood diarrhea continues to be a major cause of under-five (U-5) mortality globally and in India. In this study, 1571 U-5 children residing in nine rural villages and four urban slums in Ujjain, India were included with the objective to use community participation and drug utilization research to improve diarrheal case management. The mean age was 2.08 years, with 297 (19%), children living in high diarrheal index households. Most mothers (70%) considered stale food, teething (62%), and hot weather (55%) as causes of diarrhea. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related characteristics revealed that most (93%) households had toilets, but only 23% of the children used them. The study identified ineffective household water treatment by filtration through cloth by most (93%) households and dumping of household waste on the streets (89%). The results revealed low community awareness of correct causes of diarrhea (poor hand hygiene, 21%; littering around the household, 15%) and of correct diarrhea treatment (oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc use, 29% and 11%, respectively) and a high antibiotic prescription rate by healthcare providers (83%). Based on the results of the present study, context-specific house-to-house interventions will be designed and implemented.

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Drug utilization study in OPD of a tertiary care hospital in a rural area of Jalna, Maharashtra, India by using WHO prescribing indicators

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175674 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shruti Chandra ◽

Imran Nawaz Khan ◽

Mohd Mateenudin ◽

Ajay Chandrakapure ◽

Syed Maaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Utilization ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Medical Science ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rational Use ◽

Tertiary Teaching ◽

Drug Utilization Studies ◽

Key Dimensions

Background: Drug utilization studies (DUS) are used as potential tool in the evaluation of healthcare system. DUS are conducted to facilitate the rational use of drugs in populations. The indicators of prescription in practice measure the performance of health care provider in several key dimensions related to appropriate use of drug. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze the prescription written by doctors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in rural area.Methods: Present study is a cross sectional, prospective and observational study. The study was conducted in a rural tertiary, teaching hospital at JIIU’s Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research, Warudi, Taluka Badnapur from January 2017 to September 2017 for duration of 9 months. Data was obtained from 300 prescriptions. Data was analysed as per WHO prescribing indicators.Results: Average number of drugs in the present study was found to be 2.85. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name is 13.48%. Percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed 60%. Percentage of encounters with an injection prescribed 4.33%. Percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drugs list 72.91%.Conclusions: These types of studies help to design policy for rational use of drugs and motivation of physician for rational use of drugs.

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Original research Socio-demographic patterning of self-reported physical activity and sitting time in Latin American countries: findings from ELANS

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8048-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽

◽

Irina Kovalskys ◽

Mauro Fisberg ◽

Georgina Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Self Report ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Original Research ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Levels ◽

Latin American Countries

Abstract Background Low levels of physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting time (ST) increase the risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality, and can be influenced by socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to use self-report data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and ST in eight Latin American countries. Methods Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a household population-based, multi-national, cross-sectional survey (n = 9218, aged 15–65 years), collected from September 2014 to February 2015. Transport and leisure PA and ST were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–long version. Overall and country-specific mean and median levels of time spent in transport and leisure PA and ST were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Results Mean levels of transport and leisure PA were 220.3 min/week (ranging from 177.6 min/week in Venezuela to 275.3 min/week in Costa Rica) and 316.4 min/week (ranging from 272.1 min/week in Peru to 401.4 min/week in Ecuador). Transport and leisure PA were higher (p < 0.005) in men than women with mean differences of 58.0 and 34.0 min/week. The mean and median for transport PA were similar across age groups (15–29 years: mean 215.5 and median 120 min/week; 30–59 years: mean 225.0 and median 120 min/week; ≥60 years: mean 212.0 and median 120 min/week). The median time spent in transport and leisure PA between three strata of socioeconomic and education levels were similar. The prevalence of not meeting PA recommendations were 69.9% (95% CI: 68.9–70.8) for transport and 72.8% (95% CI: 72.0–73.7) for leisure. Men, younger people (15–29 years), individuals with higher socioeconomic and education levels spent significantly (p < 0.001) more time sitting than women, older people (30–59 years and ≥ 60 years) and those in the middle and low socioeconomic and education groups, respectively. Conclusions Transport and leisure PA and ST range widely by country, sex, and age group in Latin America. Programs for promoting leisure and transport PA and reducing ST in Latin America should consider these differences by age and gender and between countries. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

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Drug Utilization Studies in Latin America: A Scoping Review and Survey of Ethical Requirements

Value in Health Regional Issues ◽

10.1016/j.vhri.2018.09.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 189-193

Author(s):

Aurore Bergamasco ◽

Teigna Arredondo Bisono ◽

Genaro Castillon ◽

Yola Moride

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Drug Utilization ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Drug Utilization Studies

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Nutrition in medical education in Latin America: Results of cross sectional survey

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ◽

10.1002/jpen.2107 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diana Cardenas ◽

Gustavo Díaz ◽

Jessika Cadavid ◽

Fernando Lipovestky ◽

Marisa Canicoba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Latin America ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Current barriers for developing clinical research in Latin America: A cross-sectional survey of medical oncologists

Clinical Research and Trials ◽

10.15761/crt.1000108 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Henry L. Gómez ◽

Joseph A. Pinto ◽

Carlos Castañeda ◽

Carlos S. Vallejos

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Oncologists

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Prevalence of dementia in Latin America, India, and China: a population-based cross-sectional survey

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61002-8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 372 (9637) ◽

pp. 464-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 215

Author(s):

Juan J Llibre Rodriguez ◽

Cleusa P Ferri ◽

Daisy Acosta ◽

Mariella Guerra ◽

Yueqin Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

India And China ◽

Prevalence Of Dementia

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What kind of information and communication technologies do patients with COPD prefer to use? A cross-sectional study in Latin America

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

10.1177/1479972317741895 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 286-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ivan Cherrez Ojeda ◽

JC Calderon ◽

O López Jove ◽

A Guerreros ◽

Karin J Plaza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Latin American ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Survey Study ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Copd Patients ◽

Information And Communication

The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency of uses and preferences of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among Latin American chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey study on Latin American COPD patients. The adapted version of the Michigan questionnaire was employed in eligible outpatients in different cities of Latin America. We categorized age and educational levels into three groups. The time passed since COPD diagnosis was categorized as ≤5 years and >5 years. χ2 and crude and adjusted logistic regressions were performed. A total of 256 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 68.7 years old. The most recurrently used ICTs were short message service (SMS; 47.1%) and WhatsApp (30.7%) for receiving COPD information. Moreover, SMS (85.8%) and Facebook (36.1%) were rated as useful for asking physicians information about COPD. Regression analysis showed that the best predictor for patients using ICTs, for any purpose, was higher education (undergraduate or graduate school). Understanding the preferences of ICTs among COPD patients could help improve patient’s outcomes through developing applications in response to specific requirements of each patient.

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