scholarly journals PHP30 - THE CONTRIBUTION OF NEW PRODUCT ENTRY VS EXISTING PRODUCT INFLATION IN THE RISING COSTS OF PRESCRIPTION DRUGS IN THE UNITED STATES

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S155
Author(s):  
I. Hernandez ◽  
C.B. Good ◽  
D. Cutler ◽  
W.F. Gellad ◽  
N. Parekh ◽  
...  
2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-542
Author(s):  
Merri C. Moken

The use of pharmaceutical products in the United States has increased more than the use of any other health resource from 1960 to 1990. In excess of 9,600 drugs were on the market in 1984, and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approves approximately 30 new drugs and countless new applications for alterations of already existing drugs each year. In 2001, the $300 billion pharmaceutical industry sold $154 billion worth of prescription drugs in the United States alone, nearly doubling its $78.9 billion in sales in 1997. With such a rapid increase in market domination and expenditures, the U.S. government and many hospitals have focused their attention on the sales and pricing practices of pharmaceutical companies, as well as other potential factors contributing to these escalating prices. One such cause of the steadily increasing prices of brand name pharmaceuticals is the sale of fake or counterfeit pharmaceuticals (also called “look-alike” drugs).


2021 ◽  
pp. 251512742199252
Author(s):  
Robert A. Boyle ◽  
Jerome A. Katz ◽  
Patricia G. Bagsby

For entrepreneurs, being offered a distribution deal by Walmart seems like a dream come true. After all, what better way to have a new product quickly appear in thousands of stores all around the United States or maybe even all around the world? This dream became a reality for Marty, the creator of Tiny Sips—a simple, wholesome children’s beverage made from Montana spring water and all-natural ingredients. As the details and conditions related to the distribution deal became apparent, however, Marty soon understood that doing business at that level requires sophisticated entrepreneurial savvy and a great deal of capital. The joy of possibly selling Tiny Sips everywhere suddenly became eclipsed by questions about how to raise enough cash to scale quickly while simultaneously minimizing risk. Marty needed to employ the business acumen necessary to slow down, consider the pros and cons, and make the best decision for his company. The educational focus of this case involves weighing the entrepreneurial risks and rewards of pursuing a deal with a large retailer like Walmart. While this type of opportunity may seem exciting at first glance, a variety of factors must be considered in order to find a thoughtful and sensible path forward.


1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Silverman

A survey was conducted on the promotion of 28 prescription drugs in the form of 40 different products marketed in the United States and Latin America by 23 multinational pharmaceutical companies. Striking differences were found in the manner in which the identical drug, marketed by the identical company or its foreign affiliate, was described to physicians in the United States and to physicians in Latin America. In the United States, the listed indications were usually few in number, while the contraindications, warnings, and potential adverse reactions were given in extensive detail. In Latin America, the listed indications were far more numerous, while the hazards were usually minimized, glossed over, or totally ignored. The differences were not simply between the United States on the one hand and all the Latin American countries on the other. There were substantial differences within Latin America, with the same global company telling one story in Mexico, another in Central America, a third in Ecuador and Colombia, and yet another in Brazil. The companies have sought to defend these practices by contending that they are not breaking any Latin American laws. In some countries, however, such promotion is in clear violation of the law. The corporate ethics and social responsibilities concerned here call for examination and action.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Marta Makowska

For many years, the subject of aggressive marketing campaigns conducted by pharmaceutical companies has been raised in Poland. Drug ads are everywhere, on television, the radio, magazines and on the Internet. Therefore, it is extremely important is to ensure both their legal and ethical dimension. This article will present the differences between direct-to-consumer advertising of medicines in Poland and in the US. The dissimilarities result mainly from differences in legislation. In Poland, the law is much stricter than in the US. For example, in the United States companies are allowed to advertise prescription drugs directly to patients. In the whole of the European Union, and thus in Poland, it is strictly prohibited. The article will also present other regulations existing in Poland and in the United States and it will compare them. It will offer examples of violations of the law and ethics in the advertising of medicine in both countries. Lastly, it will briefly outline the negative consequences of unacceptable pharmaceutical marketing.


Health Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Morgan ◽  
Chester B. Good ◽  
Christine Leopold ◽  
Anna Kaltenboeck ◽  
Peter B. Bach ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael White

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rules for the production of prescription drugs are very rigorous and, if followed, guarantees a safe drug supply. For many years, foreign manufacturers have produced substandard generic products and active pharmaceutical ingredients and shipped them into the United States. If the FDA had inspected them with the same rigor as they do domestic manufacturers, they would have found many of these egregious deviations from ethical manufacturing much earlier. Although the FDA is finally stepping up the number of inspections, their current processes still rely on preannounced inspections with long time horizons, so quality issues can be temporarily corrected and documents altered or destroyed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_5) ◽  
pp. S218-S229
Author(s):  
Heather Bradley ◽  
Elizabeth M Rosenthal ◽  
Meredith A Barranco ◽  
Tomoko Udo ◽  
Patrick S Sullivan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background In the United States, injection is an increasingly common route of administration for opioids and other substances. Estimates of the number of persons who inject drugs (PWID) are needed for monitoring risk-specific infectious disease rates and health services coverage. Methods We reviewed design and instruments for 4 national household surveys, 2012–2016, for their ability to produce unbiased injection drug use (IDU) prevalence estimates. We explored potential analytic adjustments for reducing biases through use of external data on (1) arrest, (2) narcotic overdose mortality, and (3) biomarker-based sensitivity of self-reported illicit drug use. Results Estimated national past 12 months IDU prevalence ranged from 0.24% to 0.59% across surveys. All surveys excluded unstably housed and incarcerated persons, and estimates were based on <60 respondents reporting IDU behavior in 3 surveys. No surveys asked participants about nonmedical injection of prescription drugs. Analytic adjustments did not appreciably change IDU prevalence estimates due to suboptimal specificity of data points. Conclusions PWID population size estimates in the United States are based on small numbers and are likely biased by undercoverage of key populations and self-report. Novel methods as discussed in this article may improve our understanding of PWID population size and their health needs.


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