Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities in the United States IR Academic Physician Workforce

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1837-1844.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail C.S.S. Higgins ◽  
Wei-Ting Hwang ◽  
Chase Richard ◽  
Christina H. Chapman ◽  
Angelique Laporte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physician Workforce ◽  
Academic Physician ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women

scholarly journals FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians in the United States, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Young ◽  
Humayun J. Chaudhry ◽  
Xiaomei Pei ◽  
Katie Arnhart ◽  
Michael Dugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Physician Workforce ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
State Medical Boards

ABSTRACT There are 985,026 physicians with Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees licensed to practice medicine in the United States and the District of Columbia, according to physician census data compiled by the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB). These qualified physicians graduated from 2,089 medical schools in 167 countries and are available to serve a U.S. national population of 327,167,434. While the percentage of physicians who are international medical graduates have remained relatively stable over the last eight years, the percentage of physicians who are women, possess a DO degree, have three or more licenses, or are graduates of a medical school in the Caribbean have increased by varying degrees during that same period. This report marks the fifth biennial physician census that the FSMB has published, highlighting key characteristics of the nation's available physician workforce, including numbers of licensees by geographic region and state, type of medical degree, location of medical school, age, gender, specialty certification and number of active licenses per physician. The number of licensed physicians in the United States has been growing steadily, due in part to an expansion in the number of medical schools and students during the past two decades, even as concerns of a physician shortage to meet health care demands persist. The average age of licensed physicians continues to increase, and more licensed physicians appear to be specialty certified, though the latter finding may reflect more comprehensive reporting. This census was compiled using the FSMB's Physician Data Center (PDC), which collects, collates and analyzes physician data directly from the nation's state medical and osteopathic boards and is uniquely positioned to provide a comprehensive snapshot of information about licensed physicians. A periodic national census of this type offers useful demographic and licensure information about the available physician workforce that may be useful to policy makers, researchers and related health care organizations to better understand and address the nation's health care needs.

Gender, Race, Social Class and Information Technology

2009 ◽  
pp. 1729-1735
Author(s):  
Myungsook Klassen ◽  
Russell Stockard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Technology Positions

The issue of the underrepresentation of women in the information technology workforce has been the subject of a number of studies and the gender gap was an issue when the digital divide dominated discourse about women’s and minority groups’ use of the Internet However, a broader view is needed. That perspective would include the relation of women and IT in the communities in which they live as well as the larger society. The information society that has emerged includes the United States and the globalized economy of which it is an integral part. Women and minorities such as African Americans and Latinos are underrepresented in computer science (CS) and other information technology positions in the United States. In addition, while they areno longer numerically underrepresented in access to computers and the Internet – as of 2000, (Gorski, 2001) - they continue to enjoy fewer benefits available through the medium than white boys and men. The following article explores the diversity within women from the perspectives of race, ethnicity and social class in North America, mainly United States. The technology gender and racial gap persists in education and in the IT workforce. A broader and deeper look at women’s position in relation to the increasingly techno-centric society reveals that women may have reached equality in access, but not equity in academic study and job opportunities.

Grace under Fire

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Thomas ◽  
Jill Drake
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
And Mathematics

Understanding why women are underrepresented in various Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields remains an important area of research. In the United States and in many industrialized nations around the world, STEM professions remain male dominated. Explanations for why women are not participating STEM professions are many and diverse. The Ecology Systems Theory (EST) presents a lens through which the causes for the continued underrepresentation of women in STEM fields may be examined. EST is widely accepted theoretical framework for exploring the influences that contribute to the development of an individual. The study presented in this chapter explored the familial, educational, economic, and social experiences of 125 female participants working in a STEM field. Findings suggest there are influences at specific levels in EST that can and do affect the educational and career aspirations of women in relationship to STEM fields.

Abstract A83: Diversity by race, Hispanic ethnicity, and sex of the United States medical oncology physician workforce

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Burgos ◽  
Christina H. Chapman ◽  
Wei-Ting Hwang ◽  
Stefan Both ◽  
Charles R. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Oncology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physician Workforce ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity

The Geography of Gender Inequality in International Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Myers ◽  
Amy L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Higher Education ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Education Decision

The internationalization of higher education results in 4.6 million students attending colleges and universities outside their home countries. In the United States and other countries, there is significant underrepresentation of women among inbound international higher education students. Gender equality in education cannot be achieved so long as women are underrepresented in participation in this important educational venue. To better understand the drivers of gender inequalities in international higher education, this study examines the low participation rate by women coming to the United States by comparing it with participation data for women coming to the United Kingdom and Germany. Gender participation rates from both source regions and countries vary by destination country. By exploring the geography of gender inequality in international higher education, decision makers can better understand barriers to achieving international gender equality goals.

U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Underrepresentation of Women and Minorities

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roli Varma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
Workforce Needs

Increasingly, industrial leaders, governmental officials, and academic scholars have become concerned whether the United States can successfully compete in science and engineering (S&E) fields. This is when employment in S&E jobs has grown faster than employment in all occupations in the United States. It is proposed that the United States has not been able to build its S&E human capital necessary for technological innovations and economic growth. Women and minorities are seen as essential to fill the perceived gap. There is a higher representation of women in S&E education and occupations. Yet overall demographics of S&E fields have remained unchanged. The U.S. technology industry has been progressively employing workers from foreign countries to meet their S&E internal workforce needs. Many have been outsourcing the work to developing countries, namely China and India. This article shows that technology companies that embrace the United States’s changing demographics would gain the economic benefits from a diverse S&E workforce.

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