Physiological response of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus fed with the seagrass Posidonia oceanica and the alien algae Caulerpa racemosa and Lophocladia lallemandii

AbstractThe first determination of presence and biodistribution of PFOA in ninety specimens of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus from two differently contaminated sites along Palermo’s coastline (Sicily) is reported. Analyses were performed on the sea urchins’ coelomic fluids, coelomocytes, gonads or mixed organs, as well as on seawater and Posidonia oceanica leaves samples from the collection sites. PFOA concentration ranged between 1 and 13 ng/L in seawater and between 0 and 794 ng/g in P. oceanica. The analyses carried out on individuals of P. lividus from the least polluted site (A) showed PFOA median values equal to 0 in all the matrices (coelomic fluid, coelomocytes and gonads). Conversely, individuals collected from the most polluted site (B) showed median PFOA concentrations of 21 ng/g in coelomic fluid, 153 ng/g in coelomocytes, and 195 ng/g in gonads. Calculated bioconcentration factors of log10BCF > 3.7 confirmed the very bioaccumulative nature of PFOA. Significant correlations were found between the PFOA concentration of the coelomic fluid versus the total PFOA concentration of the entire sea urchin. PERMANOVA (p = 0.001) end Welch's t-test (p < 0.001) analyses showed a difference between specimens collected from the two sites highlighting the potential application of P. lividus as sentinel species for PFOA biomonitoring.

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Effects of Glyphosate-Based and Derived Products on Sea Urchin Larval Development

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8090661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 661

Author(s):

Davide Asnicar ◽

Costanza Cappelli ◽

Ahmad Safuan Sallehuddin ◽

Nur Atiqah Maznan ◽

Maria Gabriella Marin

Keyword(s):

Larval Development ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Marine Species ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽

Main Degradation Product ◽

Herbicide Glyphosate

Despite the widespread use of herbicide glyphosate in cultivation, its extensive runoff into rivers and to coastal areas, and the persistence of this chemical and its main degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid, AMPA) in the environment, there is still little information on the potential negative effects of glyphosate, its commercial formulation Roundup® and AMPA on marine species. This study was conducted with the aim of providing a comparative evaluation of the effects of glyphosate-based and its derived chemicals on the larval development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, thus providing new data to describe the potential ecotoxicity of these contaminants. In particular, the effects on larval development, growth and metabolism were assessed during 48 h of exposure from the time of egg fertilization. The results confirm that AMPA and its parent compound, glyphosate have similar toxicity, as observed in other marine invertebrates. However, interestingly, the Roundup® formulation seemed to be less toxic than the glyphosate alone.

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Leaf partitioning of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica between two herbivores: Is Sarpa salpa herbivory underestimated because of Paracentrotus lividus grazing?

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1016/j.ecss.2009.05.025 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stefania Pinna ◽

Antonio Pais ◽

Lorenzo Chessa ◽

Nicola Sechi ◽

Giulia Ceccherelli

Keyword(s):

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Posidonia Oceanica ◽

Sarpa Salpa

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Biometric characteristics of the wild population of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) on the Tunisian coast

Thalassas An International Journal of Marine Sciences ◽

10.1007/s41208-021-00301-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

F. Sellem ◽

B. Bouhaouala-Zahar

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Wild Population ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Biometric Data ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Tunisian Coast ◽

Population Discrimination ◽

Positive Growth ◽

Negative Growth

AbstractThe present study was conducted to provide biometric data of the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus along the Tunisian coastline where thirteen marine localities were selected randomly. A total of 653 individuals were collected and their metric and weight measurements were recorded. The size distribution of the different samples was determined and relative growth expressions were deduced. Data analysis showed that all localities’ samples of the wild population were dominated by one-size class, except Port Prince and Haouaria. Interestingly, only diameter-height relationships (D-H) were different between the geographical localities. Diameter-weight relationships (D-TW and D-TWTE) revealed a significant negative growth for all the localities, with the exception of Gammarth which showed positive growth for total weight (D-TW). Moreover, the multivariable analysis revealed divergences and/or similarities between metric and weight variables. Altogether, data highlights the inter-population discrimination with respect to geographic localization and clear segregation between the northern and the eastern localities demonstrated the plasticity of the species.

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Morphogenetic substances from sea urchin eggs. Isolation of animalizing and vegetalizing substances from unfertilized eggs of Paracentrotus lividus

Developmental Biology ◽

10.1016/0012-1606(69)90029-3 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 481-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lars Josefsson ◽

Sven Hörstadius

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Morphogenetic Substances ◽

Sea Urchin Eggs

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Temperature, salinity and growth rate dependences of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios of the skeleton of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck): an experimental approach

Marine Biology ◽

10.1007/s00227-010-1409-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 157 (6) ◽

pp. 1293-1300 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Julie Hermans ◽

Catherine Borremans ◽

Philippe Willenz ◽

Luc André ◽

Philippe Dubois

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Sea Urchin ◽

Experimental Approach ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus

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Interpopulation variability of the reproductive cycle of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in the south-western Mediterranean

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400002885 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 899-907 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mourad Guettaf ◽

Gustavo A. San Martin ◽

Patrice Francour

Keyword(s):

Regional Scale ◽

Gonad Index ◽

Paracentrotus Lividus ◽

Posidonia Oceanica ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Larval Phase ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Rocky Substrate ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Reproductive Cycles

The spawning of Paracentrotus lividus has been determined on the basis of the annual gonad index cycle at three sites in the Algiers area presenting low, intermediate and strong hydrodynamism. Three biotopes (Posidonia oceanica beds, rocky substrate with photophilous algae and overgrazed rocky substrate) and two depths (1–3 m and 6–10 m) were considered at these sites, the sex-ratio was always strongly in favour of females (2:1 to 3:1). In all sites but one, there were marked differences in the gonad index and the spawning period between sites; the gonad index reached its maximum value at the site with the weakest hydrodynamism, and the minimum value at the site with the strongest hydrodynamism. Spawning took place in April–May and August–September at the site with the weakest hydrodynamism, in April–June and October–December at the site with intermediate hydrodynamism and only in winter at the site with maximum hydrodynamism. The coexistence, on regional scale, of these reproductive cycles might enable Paracentrotus lividus to compensate the mortality during planktonic larval phase by the fact that spawning of this sea urchin occurred in all seasons.

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