The threat of freshwater input on sandy beaches: A small-scale approach to assess macrofaunal changes related to salinity reduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 105459
Author(s):  
Ivan R.A. Laurino ◽  
Alexander Turra
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
Salinity Reduction

scholarly journals A SCHEMATIZATION OF ONSHORE-OFFSHORE TRANSPORT

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Swart
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Offshore Transport

The investigation reported herein covers two aspects of the schematization of coastal processes on sandy beaches in a direction perpendicular to the coastline, viz.: (1) the prediction of equilibrium beach profiles and (2) the corresponding offshore sediment transport due to wave action. A physically-based schematic model of the onshore-offshore profile development was tested on available small-scale and full-scale model tests and physically-based empirical relationships were derived to enable the application of the model to both small-scale and prototype conditions.

Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of plastic pellets on sandy beaches: Methodological considerations for estimating the input of microplastics

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Tavares Moreira ◽  
Alessandro Lívio Prantoni ◽  
Bruno Martini ◽  
Michelle Alves de Abreu ◽  
Sérgio Biato Stoiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Plastic Pellets

scholarly journals Food and Feeding Habits of Wedge Clam (Donax cuneatus) Off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Takar ◽  
P. Jawahar ◽  
U.R. Gurjar ◽  
S.D. Kingston ◽  
N. Neethiselvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Donax Cuneatus

Background: Bivalves are benthic animals existing in coastal habitats, particularly mudflats and tidal. Because of their availability, rich protein content and cheaper cost, they contribute a major portion of the small-scale fishery resource worldwide. Limited information has been available on the food-feeding and habitat structures of bivalves along Indian waters. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to know the food-feeding and habitat preferred by wedge clam, Donax cuneatus off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India. Methods: Soil, water and wedge clam samples were collected from the selected site from September 2019 to March 2021 and soil texture, water quality parameters and gut contents were analyzed at the laboratory. Result: During the study period, salinity, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were in the range from 31-37°C, 24-28°C, 7.7-8.7 and 4.1-5.8 mg/l, respectively. Wedge clams were mainly observed at sandy beaches up to 10 cm in depth. Donax cuneatus mainly feeds on detritus (65%), followed by phytoplankton (31%) and zooplankton (4%). Hence, the diverse fluctuation of food particles, season-specific food and feeding biology and local environmental conditions at the studied region might be the responsible features for the availability of Donax cuneatus.

scholarly journals Effects of Small-Scale Armoring and Residential Development on the Salt Marsh-Upland Ecotone

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa-Lois M. Gehman ◽  
Natalie A. McLenaghan ◽  
James E. Byers ◽  
Clark R. Alexander ◽  
Steven C. Pennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Marsh ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Muddy Sediments

Abstract Small-scale armoring placed near the marsh-upland interface to protect single-family homes is widespread but understudied. Using a nested, spatially blocked sampling design on the coast of Georgia, USA, we compared the biota and environmental characteristics of 60 marshes adjacent to either a bulkhead, a residential backyard with no armoring, or an intact forest. We found that marshes adjacent to bulkheads were at lower tidal elevations and had features typical of lower elevation marsh habitats: high coverage of the marsh grass Spartina alterniflora, high density of crab burrows, and muddy sediments. Marshes adjacent to unarmored residential sites had higher soil water content and lower porewater salinities than the armored or forested sites, suggesting that there may be increased freshwater input to the marsh at these sites. Deposition of Spartina wrack on the marsh-upland ecotone was negatively related to elevation at armored sites and positively related at unarmored residential and forested sites. Armored and unarmored residential sites had reduced densities of the high marsh crab Armases cinereum, a species that moves readily across the ecotone at forested sites, using both upland and high marsh habitats. Distance from the upland to the nearest creek was longest at forested sites. The effects observed here were subtle, perhaps because of the small-scale, scattered nature of development. Continued installation of bulkheads in the southeast could lead to greater impacts such as those reported in more densely armored areas like the northeastern USA. Moreover, bulkheads provide a barrier to inland marsh migration in the face of sea level rise. Retaining some forest vegetation at the marsh-upland interface and discouraging armoring except in cases of demonstrated need could minimize these impacts.

Marginal Marine Crustacean Fisheries

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
Boris A. López
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Marine Crustacean ◽  
River Mouths

A review of small-scale fisheries of marine crustacean is here presented, indicating the main biological traits of the target species, levels and methods of capture, prices and markets, as well as fishing regulations. Edible barnacles are exploited in Spain, Japan, and Chile with low levels of capture (<500 t per year) and can be sold at high prices in the Iberian market. Stomatopods (mantis shrimps) are captured in the vicinity of the river mouths through trawl fisheries in Mediterranean Sea and in the western Indo-Pacific. Their landings fluctuate between 4,000 and 7,000 t per year, with levels of overexploitation reported for some Asian fisheries. A recent harvesting of sandhoppers (amphipods) has been reported from sandy beaches of Chile for aquarium food, with annual yields of 10–15 t dry mass. Other amphipod species (lysianassoids) are exploited in Canada mainly for fish food. These fisheries are characterized by a lack of biological and fishing parameters, management measurements, and regulations of the exploitation of their natural populations. However, in the cases of the European fisheries (stalked barnacles and stomatopods), some regulations have been implemented, such as closing periods, extraction quotas, and minimum legal sizes. Ecological studies are necessary to evaluate the possible impacts on biological interactions and food webs on the populations of the commercial extraction in these fisheries.

Near-edge wrack effects on bare sediments: Small scale variation matters in the monitoring of sandy beaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell R. MacMillan ◽  
Paula Tummon Flynn ◽  
Cristian Duarte ◽  
Pedro A. Quijón
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Variation

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
CE Bracker ◽  
P. K. Hansma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Family ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

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