Empirical survey-based harvest control rules in a transboundary small pelagic fishery under recruitment regime shifts: The case of the northern Chilean-southern Peruvian anchovy

Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 104784
Author(s):  
Cristian M. Canales ◽  
Luis A. Cubillos
Keyword(s):  
Regime Shifts ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Pelagic Fishery ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Evolution of a co-management arrangement in Japanese offshore fisheries: current policy and legal framework and a case study of the tiger puffer fishery in Ise–Mikawa Bay

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1567-1580
Author(s):  
Kanae Tokunaga ◽  
Tsutom Miyata ◽  
Hiroki Wakamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Community Boundaries ◽  
Tiger Puffer ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Abstract This study examines Japanese offshore fisheries management by focusing on the possibilities and challenges in implementing co-management of fisheries. Offshore fisheries, characterized by a lack of clear geographical boundaries in fishing grounds and community boundaries in fishery participants, face different challenges than coastal fisheries that are managed by territorial use rights and fisheries cooperative associations. This study examines the current policy and legal framework in offshore fisheries management in Japan and uses a case study of the tiger puffer fishery in Ise–Mikawa Bay to investigate interactions among multiple fishing entities as well as interactions between resource harvesters and managers. We argue that increased participation of both national and prefectural governments in fisheries management contributes to strengthen co-management: yet, a lack of science-based harvest control rules hinders the biological and economic benefits from accruing to the fishery.

scholarly journals Can We Agree on What Robots Should be Allowed to Do? An Exercise in Rule Selection for Ethical Care Robots

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102
Author(s):  
Dieter Vanderelst ◽  
Jurgen Willems
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Rule Selection ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Care Robots ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Future Care ◽  
Selection For

AbstractFuture Care Robots (CRs) should be able to balance a patient’s, often conflicting, rights without ongoing supervision. Many of the trade-offs faced by such a robot will require a degree of moral judgment. Some progress has been made on methods to guarantee robots comply with a predefined set of ethical rules. In contrast, methods for selecting these rules are lacking. Approaches departing from existing philosophical frameworks, often do not result in implementable robotic control rules. Machine learning approaches are sensitive to biases in the training data and suffer from opacity. Here, we propose an alternative, empirical, survey-based approach to rule selection. We suggest this approach has several advantages, including transparency and legitimacy. The major challenge for this approach, however, is that a workable solution, or social compromise, has to be found: it must be possible to obtain a consistent and agreed-upon set of rules to govern robotic behavior. In this article, we present an exercise in rule selection for a hypothetical CR to assess the feasibility of our approach. We assume the role of robot developers using a survey to evaluate which robot behavior potential users deem appropriate in a practically relevant setting, i.e., patient non-compliance. We evaluate whether it is possible to find such behaviors through a consensus. Assessing a set of potential robot behaviors, we surveyed the acceptability of robot actions that potentially violate a patient’s autonomy or privacy. Our data support the empirical approach as a promising and cost-effective way to query ethical intuitions, allowing us to select behavior for the hypothetical CR.

scholarly journals Institutional designs to face the dark side of total allowable catches

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikerne del Valle ◽  
Kepa Astorkiza
Keyword(s):  
Dark Side ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Endogenous Process ◽  
Harvest Control Rules ◽  
Stock Abundance

Abstract del Valle, I., and Astorkiza, K. 2007. Institutional designs to face the dark side of total allowable catches. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 851–857. Setting total allowable catches (TACs) is an endogenous process in which different agents and institutions, often with conflicting interests and opportunistic behaviour, try to influence policy-makers. Far from being the benevolent social planners many would wish them to be, these policy-makers may also pursue self-interest when making final decisions. Although restricted knowledge of stock abundance and population dynamics, and weakness in enforcement, have effects, these other factors may explain why TAC management has failed to guarantee sustainable exploitation of fish resources. Rejecting the exogeneity of the TAC and taking advantage of fruitful debate on economic policy (i.e. the rules vs. discretion debate, and that surrounding the independence of central banks), two institutional developments are analysed as potential mechanisms to face up to misconceptions about TACs: long-term harvest control rules and a central bank of fish.

scholarly journals Substituting model-based indicators in Harvest Control Rules by observations using fuzzy logic methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-987
Author(s):  
Arne Eide
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Stock Biomass ◽  
Size Evaluation ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Abstract Harvest Control Rules are predefined heuristic decision rules to provide quota advices for managed fisheries. Frequently statistical methods and biological assumptions expressed in mathematical models, are used to provide the Harvest Control Rules with initial information (indicators values). The aim of this article is to investigate a possible way forward of replacing these inputs by quantities of measurable observations, e.g. catch-at-age statistics. The article presents a method by which recruitment indexes and stock biomass indicators are obtained by non-parametric use of annual catch-at-age records, without filtering the raw data (observations) through mathematical models. Two related methods, applied on three empirical cases, are provided: First, showing that recruitment strengths of the Northeast Arctic cod, haddock, and saithe stocks, obtained by fuzzy logic methodology, are satisfactory captures by the use of catch-at-age data. Second, stock size indicators are estimated for the three species by the same catch-at-age data. The second task turns out to be more challenging than the first, but also in the case of stock size evaluation, the suggested procedure provides reasonable results when compared to standard stock assessment methods.

scholarly journals Developing and evaluating harvest control rules with different biological reference points for the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Gulf of Maine

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Zhang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Carl Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
The Status ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Abstract Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., and Wilson, C. 2011. Developing and evaluating harvest control rules with different biological reference points for the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery in the Gulf of Maine. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1511–1524. The American lobster (Homarus americanus) supports one of the most valuable commercial fisheries in the United States. Controversy exists, however, in terms of the biological reference point (BRP) used in assessing lobster stock status, and there is no fully established or evaluated harvest control rule (HCR). A sex-specific, size-dependent operating model is developed to evaluate the performance of two HCRs, discrete and continuous, which adjust annual fishing mortality discretely and linearly, respectively, based on the status of the fishery. For each HCR, different BRPs are considered along with management duration, recruitment dynamics, and natural mortality. HCRs with a suitable set of BRPs can drive the fishery from an undesirable status to an optimal status. The continuous HCR tends to perform better than the discrete one. The Ftarget of 0.31 year−1 showed the best performance in the long term by balancing the needs of the fishing industry and conservation bodies. However, this was not the case in the short term. An Ntarget of 49.6 million would allow the American lobster to be maintained at its current stock level, with high recruitment and stable natural mortality. The study provides a framework for a systematic evaluation of management regulations for the American lobster.

scholarly journals Harvest control rules in the context of fishery-independent management of fish stocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panayiota Apostolaki ◽  
Richard Hillary
Keyword(s):  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Assessing the sensitivity of data-limited methods (DLMs) to the estimation of life-history parameters from length–frequency data

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1563-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Sun ◽  
Chongliang Zhang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Binduo Xu ◽  
Ying Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Stock Management ◽  
Larimichthys Polyactis ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Strategy Evaluation ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Spawning Potential Ratio ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Data-limited methods (DLMs) in stock assessment may provide potential critical information for data-limited stock management. However, the sensitivity of those methods to life-history parameters is largely unknown, resulting in extra uncertainty and consequent risks. In the present study, we designed six parallel workflows (WFs) to incorporate classic and state-of-the-art methods of estimating life-history parameters and examined their influences on the assessment of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) in Haizhou Bay, China. The sensitivity was evaluated with three objectives: (i) the evaluation of stock status with the spawning potential ratio following different assumptions; (ii) the length-based harvest control rules derived from three management procedures; and (iii) the management performance of these harvest control rules with simulation of management strategy evaluation. The results showed considerable sensitivity regarding the three objectives to the estimations with different WFs, indicating the previous practice of credulously accepting empirical values and indiscriminately selecting references are inadvisable. We also identified the most appropriate WFs used for different purposes with limited data, aiming to provide more reliable inputs for effective fisheries management.

scholarly journals Objectives and harvest control rules in the management of the fishery of Norwegian spring-spawning herring

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurd Tjelmeland ◽  
Ingolf Røttingen
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Harvest Control Rule ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Harvest Control Rules

Abstract Tjelmeland, S., and Røttingen, I. 2009. Objectives and harvest control rules in the management of the fishery of Norwegian spring-spawning herring. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1793–1799. The main element in the management of the Norwegian spring-spawning herring, as implemented by the coastal states, is to conduct the fishery based on a maximum fishing mortality (F) of 0.125. As the appropriateness of this rule (given the stated objectives) has not yet been tested thoroughly, we set out to do this by long-term simulations, in which we applied a range of alternative stock–recruitment relationships. These different relationships are estimated from historical replicates of the stock, as calculated by the herring-stock assessment model SeaStar. During prognostic simulations, a recruitment model is selected probabilistically for each historical replicate based on Akaike weights. We evaluate whether the management objectives are met by applying the present harvest control rule. Results are given for the current assessment option of natural mortality (M = 0.5) in the oldest aggregated age group and for the assessment option used in 2005 and earlier (M = 0.15). These show that perceptions of the long-term yield differ considerably and that the current management is somewhat on the conservative side from the perspective of maximum sustainable yield.

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